Abstract
Platinum is a precious metal with many applications, such as: catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, digital thermometers, dentistry, and jewellery. Due to its broad usage, it is essential to recover it from waste solutions resulted out of different technological processes in which it is used. Over the years, several recovery techniques were developed, adsorption being one of the simplest, effective and economical method used for platinum recovery. In the present paper a new adsorbent material (XAD7-DB30C10) for Pt (IV) recovery was used. Produced adsorbent material was characterized by X-ray dispersion (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, thermodynamic parameters and adsorption mechanism are presented in this paper. Experimental data were fitted using three non-linear adsorption isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips, being better fitted by Sips adsorption isotherm. Obtained kinetic data were correlated well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the chemical sorption was the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. After adsorption, metallic platinum was recovered from the exhausted adsorbent material by thermal treatment. Adsorption process optimisation by design of experiments was also performed, using as input obtained experimental data, and taking into account that initial platinum concentration and contact time have a significant effect on the adsorption capacity. From the optimisation process, it has been found that the maximum adsorption capacity is obtained at the maximum variation domains of the factors. By optimizing the process, a maximum adsorption capacity of 15.03 mg g−1 was achieved at a contact time of 190 min, initial concentration of 141.06 mg L−1 and the temperature of 45 °C.
Highlights
IntroductionDue to natural resource scarcity and the growing demand for precious metals, there has been strong economic motivation for the recovery of precious metals from different industrial waste [6,7,8]
Platinum is widely used in energy production, electronic, health, jewellery and chemical industries, and due to its high chemical stability as well as high conductivity, its consumption has been experiencing a sharp increase during the past decades [1,2,3,4,5].Over recent years, and due to natural resource scarcity and the growing demand for precious metals, there has been strong economic motivation for the recovery of precious metals from different industrial waste [6,7,8]
In the present paper we described the preparation of new adsorbent material through functionalization of Amberlite XAD7 resin with dibenzo-30-crown-10 ether (DB30C10)
Summary
Due to natural resource scarcity and the growing demand for precious metals, there has been strong economic motivation for the recovery of precious metals from different industrial waste [6,7,8]. For selective recovery and separation of some noble metals was impetuously required to develop advanced materials with specific properties able to be used in adsorption process. Some of the materials with good adsorbent properties used for platinum recovery are: silica gels, clays [15,16], chitosan, chemically modified oxides by functionalization [17] and bio-sorbents (orange peel, grape wastes and rice husk) [18,19,20,21]
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