Abstract
Purpose: Exposures to medical ionizing radiations elevate the risk of stochastic effects such as cancer in exposed individuals. It is of utmost importance to monitor the radiation doses delivered to patients and their optimization to reduce the associated radiation risks without limiting the diagnostic information. Methods: Entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) in a total of 64 adult patients in diagnostic digital X- ray examinations were calculated and effective doses were estimated as per International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Results: Median ESAK (mGy) and associated effective doses obtained were skull PA (0.45mGy, 0.005mSv) and skull Lat (0.25mGy, 0.003mSv). Results were compared with UK diagnostic reference levels and studies in India. Conclusion: The comparison revealed that the calculated ESAK and effective dose values were less than the published literature. ESAK values reported in this study could further contribute to establishing LDRLs.
Highlights
Medical ionizing exposures elevate the risk of stochastic effects in exposed individuals (Hall et al, 2005)
The comparison revealed that the calculated entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and effective dose values were less than the published literature
ESAK values reported in this study could further contribute to establishing LDRLs
Summary
Medical ionizing exposures elevate the risk of stochastic effects in exposed individuals (Hall et al, 2005). National and international bodies such as National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), European Commission (EC), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) have recommended the establishment of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) (IAEA, 2005; Hart, 2002; Gray, 2005). They suggest calculation of patient radiation doses and their comparison with DRLs (Vano et al, 2017). DR has its own advantages such as faster acquisition, and contrast adjustment even after the exposure has been made This creates the need for optimization of patient doses and establishments of guidance levels for radiation protection of patients (Matthews et al, 2009). Present study aims to calculate the ESAK values and estimate the effective doses in adult patients undergoing
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