Evaluation of Patched-1 Protein Expression Level in Low Risk and High Risk Basal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes.

Rowida Almomani,Mohammad Alqudah,Hanan Hammouri,Khaldon Bodoor,Wisam Al Gargaz,Mariam Khanfar,Firas Al-Qarqaz,Yazan Haddad,Ziyad Mohaidat,Asma Abu-Salah

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.9.2851

Rowida Almomani, Mohammad Alqudah + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.9.2851

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Abstract

Objective:Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy in humans and represents a growing public health care problem. The major etiological factors contributing to BCC development are exposure to ultraviolet radiation and genetic alterations. BCC is primarily caused by dysregulation of sonic Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway in basal cells of the skin. BCC can be classified into low risk non-aggressive and high risk aggressive subtypes. BCC subtypes differentiation is essential for prognosis and for better disease management and treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between PTCH1 protein expression level and the aggressiveness of BCC histopathology. Methods:Archival paraffin embedded blocks containing BCC were retrieved from a cohort of 101 patients. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to assess the expression level of PTCH1 which is a key component of Hedgehog pathway.Results:101 paraffin embedded samples were evaluated and classified as high risk and low risk BCC subtypes by histopathological finding. High risk BCC subtypes were found in 40 samples (39.6%) and low risk subtypes were identified in 61 samples (60.4%). Nodular was the most frequent subtype which was found in (56/ 101), followed by infiltrative (22/101) and micronodular (14/ 101) subtypes. Positive PTCH1 expression was found highest in nodular subtypes (46.5%). Conclusion:In this study, the correlation between low risk or high risk BCC subtypes and PTCH1 expression level was not statistically significant (p>0.05), but the frequency of positive PTCH1 expression was found to be higher in low risk subtypes than high risk BCC subtypes.

Highlights

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer and it is the most common skin cancer worldwide
High risk Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) subtypes were found in 40 samples (39.6%) and low risk subtypes were identified in 61 samples (60.4%)
Records showed that high-risk subtypes BCC was found in 39.6% (40/ 101) samples and low risk subtypes BCC was identified in 60.40% (61/ 101) of samples

Summary

Introduction

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer and it is the most common skin cancer worldwide. Despite being the most common skin cancer, luckily it has almost no potential for metastasis and it is rarely fatal (Al-Qarqaz, 2019; Böni et al, 2002; Rubin et al, 2005) This malignancy causes considerable morbidity especially when the tumor is located near important sites and poses a huge burden on healthcare systems in many parts of the world (Al-Qarqaz et al, 2018; Rubin et al, 2005). Beside ultraviolet radiation exposure and genetic predisposition, there are other recognized risk factors associated with BCC which include immunosuppression, male sex, increasing age, fair skin color, and arsenic exposure (Boukamp, 2005; D’Orazio et al, 2013; Dourmishev et al, 2013; Gailani et al, 1996; Raasch et al, 2006; Skoda et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2001)

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