Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a model to evaluate the operating conditions of cargo transportation by cabotage in Brazil, from the perspective of Brazilian shipping companies operating in this segment. The evaluation model was developed based on the Multicriteria Decision Aid (MCDA) methodology, conceived under the constructivist paradigm and with the participation of a team of experts in cabotage, who built a framework for evaluation of this transportation mode. The global evaluation of the conditions of cargo transportation by cabotage in Brazil, based on this framework, was scored 3.9, - on a scale of zero to ten, - a score considered extremely low for a segment of cargo transportation so important and with such weight to the Brazilian economy. It was concluded that this score reflects the situation of shortage, neglect, and abandonment currently faced by shipping companies that offer cargo transportation services along the Brazilian coast. This work contributes to the construction of a multicriteria evaluation model, which can be replicated for other modes of transportation, with the necessary adjustments.
Highlights
Brazil, due to its continental dimensions, has a maritime coast of about 7.400 km (Teixeira et al, 2015), in addition to approximately 1.600 km of waterway along the Amazon River to Manaus, in extension of the seacoast (BNDES, 1998), which gives it a natural vocation for cabotage - type of navigation carried out between ports or points in the national territory, using the sea route and the navigable waterways (Brasil, 1997).Cabotage, in theoretical terms, can be used to reduce logistical costs
In the case of Brazil, it cannot be said that these characteristics are satisfactory, as there is an unbalanced matrix, highly dependent on the road modal, with about 61% of the volume of cargo transported by highways, as evidenced by Alvarenga (2020), despite the reality of Brazilian roads compromising the quality of road logistics (Silva et al, 2018)
3.8 Procedures for calculating the assessment Considering that the final object of the present study is to carry out a quantitative assessment of the operating conditions of the activity of cargo transportation by cabotage, and that, for this purpose, six fundamental points of view were identified, which together are able to characterize such conditions of operation, it was understood that it would be pertinent to initially define a procedure to evaluate, as a whole, each FPV, since the research data, after treated by the Hiview3 software, would define only the score of each company, by FPV and globally
Summary
Due to its continental dimensions, has a maritime coast of about 7.400 km (Teixeira et al, 2015), in addition to approximately 1.600 km of waterway along the Amazon River to Manaus, in extension of the seacoast (BNDES, 1998), which gives it a natural vocation for cabotage - type of navigation carried out between ports or points in the national territory, using the sea route and the navigable waterways (Brasil, 1997). The little use of cargo transportation by cabotage is partly due to the predominance of road transportation, since the road mode, as Alvarenga (2020) is responsible for about 61% of cargo handling in Brazil This fact overloads and congests the road system, unbalances the national transport matrix, and contributes to the increase in the country's logistical costs. The publication of the new model for the port sector - Law No 12.815/13 (Brazil, 2013), aimed, to promote greater use of cabotage, in view of the possibility of building “private ports”, as well as the adoption of new port modalities Such measures tend to contribute to the increase in port efficiency, with gains in agility, speed and efficiency in transshipment and cargo consolidation operations, which are fundamental factors for the development of cabotage, with a consequence in reducing the total logistical cost and increasing competitiveness of the national industry. With precise information about these factors, in terms of quantitative evaluation, conditions are created to define intervention priorities, as well as to monitor the evolution of each factor over time, based on successive measurements
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