Abstract
One of the plants that have been used for enthno medicinal purposes in traditional civilization is Anacardium occidentale L. of the family Anacardiaceae is native to Brazil also found in tropical countries such as Malaysia and India commonly known as cashew. The purpose of this study is to determine the in-vitro and in-vivo cognitive effects of an ethanolic leaf extract of the herb Anacardium occidentale on albino rats. Orally the ethanolic extract was administered in two doses (100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). The Elevated Plus maze and Y-maze showed statistically significant improvement in the memory process. The estimation of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in rats brain also shows improvement in the memory process by reducing acetylcholinesterase activity. Disorders related to cognition are one of the major health problems and increasing day by day especially affecting the elder individual. There is no proper medication for the impairment of memory. The study reveals that the ethanolic extract of the leaf of Anacardium occidentale has dose-dependent memory-enhancing performance. Synthetic drugs have a lot of side effects, whereas drugs belongs to natural substances have least side effect compared to synthetic one, which has gained a lots of importance. These studies need to be documented effectively. Research findings were contributed to meet the future needs in general healthcare, research, and conservation of endangered species and may give a lead to the discovery of newer drugs.
Highlights
Several investigations on ethnomedicinal plants and herbal medicines have been conducted in the past and have been reported
The leaves of the proposed plant Anacardium occidentale L. were collected from Mangaluru of Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India, during July 2020
The study was approved by institutional ethics committee (IAEC) with Ethical clearance permission number NGSMIPS/IAEC/JUNE2020/202
Summary
Several investigations on ethnomedicinal plants and herbal medicines have been conducted in the past and have been reported. India has treasured this profound knowledge of medicines from the ancient Indian scholars dating back to 5000 years. This knowledge is referred to as “Ayurveda” (In Sanskrit, Ayu=Life, and Veda=Knowledge) [1]. The human brain is the centre for controlling physical as well as emotional activities. It is responsible for ‘cognition’ which is one of the salient characteristics of human beings [2]. The hippocampal, cortical and cerebellar areas of the brain are responsible for the memory processes. The acquired information is encoded as a memory trace in the brain and can be recalled in later stages [3]. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, age-related neurodegenerative illness marked by severe memory loss, personality changes, abnormal behaviour and decline in cognitive action [4]
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