Evaluation of Non-HDL Cholesterol and Total Cholesterol/HDL-C Ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C Ratio as Cumulative Marker of Cardiovascular Disease risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide with an estimated 17.3 million deaths from CVDs in 2008, representing 30% of all global deaths. The main cause of CVD development is atherosclerosis and among the various factors for developing increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes; lipid abnormalities, the dyslipidemia is the major contributor. The common type of dyslipidemia in diabetes is characterized by elevated triglyceride (TG), low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and typically has a preponderance of smaller, denser low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) particles, which possibly increases atherogenicity even if the absolute concentration of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is not significantly increased. Materials & Methods: Total of 100 diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus ambulatory patients of both sexes were taken as cases. Their age ranged between 30 to 70 years. 100 healthy subjects, with their age ranging between 30 to 70 years were selected as control group. Serum sample was used for the estimation of study parameters such as FBS, PPBS, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol. Results: In this study, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were found to be statistically significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients when compared to controls. HDL-C was significantly decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients when compared to controls ( p -value 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia with increased levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, but a lower levels of HDL-C compared to that of controls. Increased levels of Non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio which indicates increased impending cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus.