Abstract
In obtaining stable and high rice yields, the leading role belongs to the use of the best varieties, harmoniously combining productivity and technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality, adapted for cultivation in the main rice-growing regions. Therefore, the aim of our research is to evaluate new rice genotypes by a set of economically valuable traits that can replace obsolete varieties in the sowing area of the region and the country as a whole for industry efficiency. Experimental plots of competitive variety testing (CVT) were laid on the territory of the rice irrigation system of the experimental production department of the Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Belozerny, Krasnodar region for three years. The results are processed by analysis of variance and correlation analysis. All new varieties formed dense panicles of 10.0-11.9 pcs / cm with a sufficient number of fertile spikelets 139.7-165.9 pcs. on average, which is responsible for the high grain content of agrophytocenosis 44.1-58.2 thousand units/m2. Hence the high grain yield - 9.2-10.2 t / ha with a good combination of the main technological indicators - the mass of 1000 grains and head rice content. The closeness of the interconnections of the main economically valuable traits and the heat supply of the growing season is determined. Four varieties (except VNIIR 10284) show a neutral yield response to one of the main factors of external influence on the plant - the sum of effective temperatures above 15 ° C. According to the results of the test, for three years in CVT and in the environmental testing, the variety Romans was transferred to State variety testing, VNIIR 10279 is being prepared for transfer.
Highlights
In solving the problems of modern crop production related to the steady growth of its productivity and profitability, development and widespread use of new varieties occupies a central place
When transferring to State variety testing, characteristics and estimates obtained by breeders at the stage of the control nursery (CN) and competitive variety testing (CVT) for 4-5 years are used
In VNIIR 10279, VNIIR 10281, and VNIIR 10284, head rice content (HRC) directly positively depends on the sum of effective temperatures above 15 °C
Summary
In solving the problems of modern crop production related to the steady growth of its productivity and profitability, development and widespread use of new varieties occupies a central place. Practical solution of such an important task in most ways depends on success of breeding work. Depending on the tasks set for the breeder, the breeding is carried out according to individual, several or a variety of traits. The main ones that you need to pay attention to during selection are yield (productivity), high quality of the product, resistance to diseases and pests, and suitability for mechanized cultivation [3]
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