Abstract
The characteristics of the multi-phased oxide-TiN-TiC-(δ-Fe) heterostructures in Fe-Cr-based alloys are essential for TiN refinement and resultant grain refinement. While the refining phenomena of TiN and as-cast grains in Fe-Cr-based alloys were well reported, the detailed refining mechanisms for TiN and δ-Fe grains remain to be further elucidated. In order to evaluate the oxide-TiN-TiC-(δ-Fe) heterostructures, three foils for transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination were prepared, denoted as the I0, R1, and MR1 samples, respectively. Here, the atomic lattice matching modes and orientation relationships (ORs) across the (Mg and /or RE bearing oxide)-TiN-TiC-(δ-Fe) heterostructures were revealed. Based on the results, the simulated multilayer /3D atomic matching models for the interfaces of each heterostructure were established, revealing the actual atomic-scale structures of the heterostructures and their formation processes originating from the oxides. Furthermore, a newly developed long-range lattice matching (LRLM) model was established to provide a new method of the OR verifications. In summary, this study does provide new insights into interfacial engineering and new ideals on refining TiN and as-cast grains in industrial production of Fe-Cr-based alloys.
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