Abstract

Increasing the cardiovascular diseases and decreasing the possibility of autograft surgery are important factors that cause the choice of artificial vascular graft as an alternative treatment method. In this regard, producing artificial grafts similar to natural vessels is an important purpose that has long been followed as a gold standard by many researchers worldwide. In addition, mechanical properties including strength, long patency, bio-compatibility and hydrophobicity are necessary properties to achieve ideal vascular grafts. Hence there are various factors such as polymer type and preparation methods, which contribute to suitable mechanical properties. The electrospinning as an optimized method on one side and biocompatible, degradable and semicrystalline polycaprolactone (PCL) on the other side are used for their acceptable mechanical properties to manufacture synthetic vessels. In this study, PCL vascular grafts have been reviewed and a wide range of parameters affecting the improvement of mechanical properties and their performance have been described along with clinical applications. Therefore, by investigating and comparing single and composite PCL vascular grafts, we achieved acceptable results in the field of cell growth and adhesion as well as implanting grafts in animals such as rat and rabbit. By reviewing other studies, it was revealed that synthetic composite vessels made of PCL and natural polymers such as collagen and chitosan and synthetic polymers such as polyurethane (PU) for long patency and acceptable cell adhesion have shown good clinical results.

Highlights

  • Considering the increasing rate of cardiovascular diseases worldwide, there have been many clinical demands for synthetic vascular grafts

  • Increasing the cardiovascular diseases and decreasing the possibility of autograft surgery are important factors that cause the choice of artificial vascular graft as an alternative treatment method

  • PCL vascular grafts have been reviewed and a wide range of parameters affecting the improvement of mechanical properties and their performance have been described along with clinical applications

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Summary

Introduction

Considering the increasing rate of cardiovascular diseases worldwide, there have been many clinical demands for synthetic vascular grafts. In order to address the mentioned problems in producing vascular grafts, synthetic and natural polymer materials have been widely used that provide different results regarding the mechanical properties of used polymer. Regarding increased cardiovascular diseases and failure of existing treatment methods, tissue engineering has been perceived by many scientists and a new orientation has been made towards producing vascular grafts; thereby, calling this study as a vascular tissue engineering study. This branch of tissue engineering can analyze and propose an approach to replace the cardiovascular vessels with synthetic blood vessels and improve graft blood vessel function. Polycaprolactone Vascular Scaffolds The necessity of using polymer materials to make a vas-

Limitation on fiber dimensions and arrangement
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