Evaluation of LiDAR-Derived Features Relevance and Training Data Minimization for 3D Point Cloud Classification

Abstract

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a leading technology in data acquisition for building information modeling (BIM) applications due to its rapid, direct, and accurate scanning of different objects with high point density. Three-dimensional point cloud classification is essential step for Scan-to-BIM applications that requires high accuracy classification methods, running at reasonable processing time. The classification process is divided into three main steps: neighborhood definition, LiDAR-derived features extraction, and machine learning algorithms being applied to label each LiDAR point. However, the extraction of LiDAR-derived features and training data are time consuming. This research aims to minimize the training data, assess the relevance of sixteen LiDAR-derived geometric features, and select the most contributing features to the classification process. A pointwise classification method based on random forests is applied on the 3D point cloud of a university campus building collected by a TLS system. The results demonstrated that the normalized height feature, which represented the absolute height above ground, was the most significant feature in the classification process with overall accuracy more than 99%. The training data were minimized to about 10% of the whole dataset with achieving the same level of accuracy. The findings of this paper open doors for BIM-related applications such as city digital twins, operation and maintenance of existing structures, and structural health monitoring.