Abstract
Rice is an important cereal crop in Kenya, where it is mainly grown in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, MIS. The serious challenges of MIS include low water use efficiency and limited available water resources. The objective of this study is to analyze the current and future irrigation water resource availability for the improvement of future water management. A Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a public domain software supported by the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service in Bushland, TX, USA, was used to estimate the current and future water resources availability from the MIS’s main irrigation water supply sources (River Thiba and River Nyamindi). CropWat, a computer program developed by the Land and Water Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy, was used to estimate irrigation water requirements from 2013–2016 and into the future (2020–2060 and 2061–2099). Future climatic data for total available flow and irrigation requirement estimations were downloaded from three General Circulation Models (GCMs). The data was bias corrected and down-scaled (with observed data) using a Climate Change Toolkit, a toolkit for climate change analysis developed by the Water Weather and Energy Ecosystem, Zurich, Switzerland. The results indicated that the highest irrigation water deficits were experienced in July and August based on the existing cropping pattern. Under a proposed future pattern, estimates show that MIS will experience water deficits mainly from June to October and from January to February. This study recommends that MIS management should put into strong consideration the simulated future estimates in irrigation water availability for the improvement of water management.
Highlights
Rice is the most important staple food for more than half of the world’s population and it is grown by more than half of the world’s farmers [1]
Change Toolkit were input into Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and CropWat to simulate future scenarios
The future climate data was input into CropWat to analyze future irrigation water requirements
Summary
Rice is the most important staple food for more than half of the world’s population and it is grown by more than half of the world’s farmers [1]. Irrigated rice accounts for 55% of the global harvested area and contributes about 75% of global rice production [2]. The Government of Kenya has put in place several irrigation projects aimed at stabilizing food security, which fall within the government’s development blueprint named Vision 2030 that seeks to make Kenya a newly industrialized middle-income country by the year 2030 [3]. Rice in Kenya is mainly grown in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, MIS. MIS is located about 100 km north of the capital city of Kenya, Nairobi, in the Upper Tana catchment, where rain-fed agriculture has
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