Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the of intestinal permeability and liver bacterial translocation (BT) across a modern commercial broiler, a commercial broiler of 1995 genetics, and an unselected Jungle Fowl line. Modern 2015 (MB2015) broiler chicken, random bred line initiated from 1995 (RB1995), and the Giant Jungle fowl (JF). Chickens were randomly allocated to four different dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were (1) a control corn-based diet throughout the trial [corn-corn (C-C)]; (2) an early phase malnutrition diet where chicks received a rye-based diet for 10 days, and then switched to the control diet [rye-corn (R-C)]; (3) a malnutrition rye-diet that was fed throughout the trial [rye-rye (R-R)]; and (4) a late phase malnutrition diet where chicks received the control diet for 10 days, and then switched to the rye diet for the last phase [corn-rye (C-R)]. Paracellular permeability was evaluated using fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D). Liver BT was also evaluated. MB2015 and RB1995 consuming the rye-based diet showed increase serum levels of FITC-D when compared to the corn-fed chickens (P < 0.05). Overall, MB2015 appeared to have higher enteric permeability than the JF. To our knowledge, this would be the first paper to evaluate the effect of compensatory growth on intestinal permeability and liver BT. Further studies to evaluate microbiome and inflammatory markers in these chicken models are currently being evaluated.
Highlights
Utilizing rye as a source of energy in poultry diets provides a unique model to induce intestinal inflammation due to the high non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) content and increase intestinal viscosity
Dietary treatments were (1) a control diet where chickens were maintained on a corn-based diet throughout the trial; (2) an early phase malnutrition diet where chickens were on a rye-based diet for 10 d, and switched to the control diet; (3) a malnutrition rye-diet that was fed throughout the trial; and (4) a late phase malnutrition diet where chickens received the control diet for 10 days, and switched the rye diet for the last phase
At 10 days of age, chickens that received a rye-based diet in both the MB2015 and the random bred line initiated from 1995 (RB1995) genetic lines showed a significant increase in serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D) concentration when compared with the chickens that received the corn-based diet
Summary
Utilizing rye as a source of energy in poultry diets provides a unique model to induce intestinal inflammation due to the high non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) content and increase intestinal viscosity. This diet interferes with the absorption of nutrients reducing the growth of the birds and causes alterations of the microbiota and luminal pH, poor bone mineralization, increased intestinal permeability, liver bacterial translocation (BT) and proliferation of Nutritional Rehabilitation Model in Broilers. Our laboratory has recently optimized the use of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D), a 3– 5 kDa fluorescent marker gavaged to birds and measured in the serum as an indicator of paracellular transport in broiler chickens (Vicuña et al, 2015; Baxter et al, 2017; Latorre et al, 2018). The objective of this study was to evaluate the of intestinal permeability and liver BT across a modern commercial broiler, a commercial broiler of 1995 genetics, and an unselected Jungle Fowl line, using a compensatory model previously published (Baxter et al, 2018)
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