Evaluation of Insecticidal Effects of Plants Essential Oils Extracted from Basil, Black Seeds and Lavender against Sitophilus oryzae.

Nadi Awad Al-Harbi,Amira A Ibrahim,Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef,Mohamed A Abdein,Salwa E Mohamed,Dalia M Hikal,Nagy M Al Attar

doi:10.3390/plants10050829

Abstract

The risk of using synthetic insecticides to the environment, human health, and the emergence of new genera of pests resistant to that kind of drugs, have led to attention in natural compounds. The present study aimed at evaluating the insecticidal activity of 0.25–6 mg/cm2 of basil (Ocimum basilicum), black seeds (Nigella sativa), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oils (EOs) against one of the major stored product pests, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). This was done by assessing mortality and repellent percentage assay in the adult stage, as well as analysing up and down-regulated genes associated with toxicity effect of selected EOs. The three studied EOs showed a toxic effect on S. oryzae; where O. basilicum and L. angustifolia EOs explicated 100% mortality at 6 mg/cm2 after 48 and 24 h, respectively. The highest repellence activity was recorded for O. basilicum EO at 0.75 mg/cm2 with value 82.3% after exposure time 5 h. In the highest dose (6 mg/cm2), the maximum up-regulated expression level of detoxification DEGs genes (CL1294 and CL 8) and cytochrome p45o gene (CYP4Q4) in Lavandula angustifolia EOs exhibited 8.32, 6.08, and 3.75 fold changes, respectively, as compared with 4.76 fold at 10 ppm malathion and 1.02 fold change in acetone control.

Highlights

According to preliminary phytochemical screening results of O. basilicum, N. sativa and L. angustifolia essential oils (EOs), Table 2 shows the presence of phytochemical constituents in the selected botanical EOs with antioxidant activities such as glycosides in O. basilicum, N. sativa extracts, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and sterols compounds in O. basilicum, N. sativa and
45.6% at 0.25 mg/cm2 L. angustifolia after 1 h. These results revealed that O. basilicum EOs recorded the highest repellence activity against S. oryzae with a value of 82.3% followed by L. angustifolia and N. sativa EOs
The highest repellence effects against S. oryzae were recorded by using basil EO with all concentrations and at different exposure times

Summary

Introduction

In 2019, the latest forecast cereal production recorded an increase of 1.2% from 2018, to about 2.685 million tons, according to FAO [1]. Rice is one of the most important crops for almost all of the world especially developing countries [2]. Rice is considered a principal diet for more than two billion people because it has minerals, vitamins, fibers, and carbohydrates [3]. Rice grains could be attacked by different insects and pests such as Sitophillus oryzoe L., which can be affected in quantity and nutritional quality [4]

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