Evaluation of innovative fluroapatite /silicon dioxide modified zirconia nanocomposites coated on Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy for dental implant application

Abstract

Dental implants are intended to function as a durable method for replacing missing teeth. A biocompatible dental alloy is used to achieve integration with the jawbone through Osseointegration. This creates a strong base for the implant, allowing it to withstand the mechanical forces generated during biting and chewing. Dental alloys are commonly subjected to various mouth conditions known for their intricate corrosion potential. Corrosion can weaken the structural integrity of the implant, causing issues such as implant loosening, micro-motion at the implant-bone contact, implant fracture, allergic reactions, toxicity, and possible disruption of the Osseo integration process. To improve the alloy's corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, its surface can be altered using nanocomposite materials. The materials provide a protective coating to the alloy, creating a physical barrier that effectively prevents corrosive substances from reaching the underlying bulk material. This study involves modifying the surface of the dental alloy Ti–13Nb–13Zr with Fluroapatite (FAP)/Silicon dioxide (SiO2) modified zirconia (ZrO2) nano composites. The altered surfaces are then studied in simulated body fluid and artificial saliva solutions using in vitro methods. The FAP/SiO2 modified ZrO2 nanocomposites is applied onto a Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy utilizing Electrophoretic deposition and Dip coating techniques. The coated samples were analysis utilizing FTIR, XRD, and SEM with EDS. Corrosion analysis was carried out on coated and uncoated samples using Electrochemical methods in simulated body fluid and artificial saliva solution. The biocompatibility is assessed using MTT assay, contact angle, and immersion testing in both SBF and Artificial saliva. EIS and corrosion study results show that FAP/SiO2 modified ZrO2 nanocomposites coated Ti13Nb13Zr alloy has high polarization resistance, low corrosion rate, and good charge transfer resistance, indicating excellent corrosion resistance. The contact angle study showed that the surface-modified Ti13Nb13Zr alloy is superhydrophilic, increasing implant surface osseointegration. Cell viability measurements reveal good cell growth, while immersion investigations show calcification, leading to enhanced osseointegration between the implant and its surrounding tissues. hence, it is an excellent material for dental implants application.