Evaluation of Inhibitory Zone Diameter (IZD), Phytochemical Screening, Elemental Composition and Proximate Analysis of Crude Cleistopholis Patens (Benth) on Infectious Clinical Isolates

Abstract

This purpose of this study is to determine the Inhibitory zone diameter (Izd), phytochemical screening, elemental composition and proximate analysis of crude Cleistopholis patens leaf, bark, aqueous and ethanol extracts on selected pathogenic isolates. The leaf and bark of Cleistopholis patens plants were obtained from a location in the southwestern part of Nigeria, in the tropical rainforest of Ikare Akoko, Ondo state and Ile Ife, Osun state, Nigeria. The six (6) bacterial isolates include Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aspergilus flavus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteria isolate were identified by various biochemical tests and morphological characteristics. Four concentrations were used to determine the Inhibitory zone Diameter namely; 60, 30, 15, and 7.5 mg/ml and two controls were used namely; Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole. All clinical organisms show higher zones of inhibition at 60 mg/ml and lower zones of inhibition at 7.5 mg/ml while control shows 28.0 at 30 mg/ml zones of inhibition on Klebsiella pneumoniae, while Salmonella typhi and Aspergilius flavus shows lower zone of inhibition at 30 mg/ml. In qualitative phytochemical screening of Cleistopholis patens stem bark extract, it was observed that alkaloid and anthraquinone are negative while cardiac glycoside, steroid, phenol, tannins, saponin, and flavonoids were positive. in qualitative phytochemical screening of Cleistopholis patens Leaf extract, alkaloid, steroid, and anthraquinone are negative while cardiac glycoside, phenol, tannins, saponin and flavonoids are positive. In the elemental determination of Cleistopholis patens stem bark extract Zinc (Zn) has 28.0 mg/g which is the highest value while copper has the lowest value which is 0.03 mg/g. In Cleistopholis patens leaf extract, Calcium (Ca) has 25.32 mg/g which is the highest while copper has the lowest which is 0.03 mg/g. while Lead (Pb) was not detected. In Cleistopholis patens stem bark extract (Phylate) has the highest anti-nutrients which is 17.30% while Alkaloids has the lowest anti-nutrients which are 1.23%. In Cleistopholis patens leaf extract Phylate, has the highest anti-nutrients, value 17.27% while Alkaloids has the lowest anti-nutrients value, 1.25%. In Cleistopholis patens stem bark extract, carbohydrate has the highest percentage which is 46.69% and fat has the lowest percentage which is 6.48%. In Cleistopholis patens leaf extract, carbohydrate has the highest percentage which is 48.91% and fat has the lowest percentage which is 8.53%. Cleistopholis patens is useful for the treatment of infectious diseases.