Abstract
<p><strong>Objective: </strong><em>Nephelium</em> <em>lappaceum</em> Linn (Sapindaceae), also known as Rambutan is a tropical fruit native to Malaysia. The rind of Rambutan, which is normally discarded, has been used in the present research work to explore the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extract and also its protective effect against cyclophosphamide (CP) induced immunosuppression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried by testing the humoral (Haemagglutination antibody titre (HA) model), cell-mediated immunity (delayed type hypersensitivity reaction model), haematological parameters, carbon clearance assay (phagocytic index), organ index (spleen and thymus) and histopathological study of mice thymus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of the ethanolic extract significantly increased the antibody titre and DTH response in response to sheep red blood cells when compared to normal control and CP control group. There was a prominent increase in the WBC count, spleen index, thymus index and the phagocytic index in immune suppressed group treated with ethanolic extract of <em>Nephelium lappaceum</em> rind compared to the immune suppressed control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result suggests that the ethanolic extract has the potential to modulate the immune system as well has a protective effect against CP-induced immune suppression.</p>
Highlights
The immune system has a huge impact on human disease and as well is involved in the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of several diseases
There was an increase in clearance of carbon particles from the blood as observed by an enhanced phagocytic index which indicated the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system
Haemagglutinating titre (HA)= Haemagglutinating antibody, CP= cyclophosphamide, Data are expressed as a Mean+SEM, n=5; using one way analysis variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. *= p
Summary
The immune system has a huge impact on human disease and as well is involved in the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of several diseases. Physicians face great problems in treating immune dysfunctions. Immunomodulators can be natural or synthetic substances which help in regulating or normalising the immune system and correct immune systems that are out of balance. Immunomodulators can be of two types: immunosuppressants; which suppress the immune system and are used for the control of pathological immune response in autoimmune disease, graft rejection, etc. Immunostimulants are the other type, which improves the resistance of body against infections [2]. The benefits of immunomodulators which can be biological or synthetic stem from their ability to stimulate natural and adaptive defence mechanisms [2]
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