Evaluation of haploid diversity of sows of the Large White breed of the pedigree factory of the State enterprise “Experimental enterprise “imeni 9 Sіchnja”

Abstract

The development and use of effective selection programs accelerated the genetic improvement of breeds, advances in feeding technology allowed for optimal nutrition, and the creation of identical and strictly controlled production conditions, a uniform and strictly controlled production environment led to the replacement of local pig breeds with highly productive transboundary breeds. This development of the industry has led to increased concern about the erosion of genetic resources. The number of purebred boars of the Large White breed in 1973 amounted to 98.3 % of the total number of boars of this breed, and sows - 38.9 %. These data allow us to assume that significant haploid diversity could persist in the individual pedigree factory of the Large White breed. Thus, the subject of our study was the assessment of the haploid diversity of the Large White sows of the pedigree factory of the State enterprise “Experimental enterprise “imeni 9 Sіchnja”, the Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP NAAS of Ukraine. For the study, samples of the bristles of 25 sows of the Large White breed of the SE "Experimental enterprise "imeni 9 Sіchnja" of the Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP NAAS of Ukraine, representing all families. DNA isolation from bristles was performed using a Chelex-100 ion exchange resin. Mitochondrial haplotypes were determined using PCR-RFLP analysis according K. F. Pochernyaev (2016). Among the sample of breeding pigs of the Large White breed of the SE “Experimental enterprise “imeni 9 Sіchnja”, mitochondrial haplotypes B1, B2, C, G, and J1 were identified. In previous studies, seven mitochondrial haplotypes were found among pigs of the Large White breed of Ukraine, which were found with different frequencies. The haplotypes G (14.1 %), J1 (13.3 %) and N (5.91 %) were found with the highest frequency; much less often - haplotypes A (0.3 %), B1 (1.9 %), C (9.2 %) and L (2.2 %). Thus, our studies have shown that the mitochondrial haplotypes B1, B2, C, G, J1 found in the sample of breeding pigs of the Large White breed of the SE «Experimental enterprise «imeni 9 Sіchnja» typical for pigs of the Large White breed of Ukraine except haplotype B2. Important for the restoration of the Mirgorod breed of pigs is the existence in the herd of pigs of the Large White breed of the SE “Experimental entewrprise“imeni 9 Sіchnja” animals having haplotype B1 inherent to Myrgorod breed. Thus, our studies have shown that in sows of the Large White breed breeding farm SE “Experimental enterprise “imeni 9 Sіchnja”, significant haploid diversity remains, which must be maintained at a high level in the future. Key words: pigs, the Large White breed, haplotype, mitochondrial genome, PCR-RFLP.