Evaluation of factors effecting survival of patients following massive transfusion and analyzing characteristics of massive transfusion protocol

Abstract

Objective: To examine the impact of the time elapsed between a traumatic event and the implementation of a massive transfusion protocol on the patient outcomes and to analyze the characteristics of the protocol depending on the type of injury sustained. Methods: A total of 50 polytrauma patients who received blood transfusion by massive transfusion were included in the study. Demographic details, mechanism of injury, duration of time between injury, and other vital data were collected for analysis. Results: Our study revealed that the mean duration between the occurrence of injury and massive transfusion protocol activation (185 min) was highest among individuals who succumbed to their injuries within 1 hour and shortest among individuals who survived beyond the 24 hours following trauma (20.3 min) (P < 0.005). Blunt trauma had a lesser mortality rate (35.1%) than the penetrating type of trauma (61.5%). The average amount of fresh frozen plasma administered to patients with penetrating trauma (3.15) was significantly higher than that of blunt trauma (2.35) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Delaying massive transfusion increases trauma patient mortality. Swift initiation of massive transfusion stabilizes severe blood loss cases. Varied blood product ratios and initiation times highlight the necessity for a standardized protocol.