Abstract
Wooden stakes are used to anchor guy lines on many newly transplanted trees. It has been recommended that the angle of the stake be either in-line with the guy (45 degrees toward the tree) or at right angles to the guy (45 degrees from horizontal away from the tree). This trial was conducted to determine which, if either, of these directions will provide the maximum amount of resistance to extraction. Stakes were driven into the soil at two angles and vertically into the soil then were extracted using a measured force. There was no significant difference in force required to extract the stakes driven in-line with the guy or at a right angle to it. There was a significant difference (p <. 05) between angled stakes and those driven straight into the soil. The force required for extraction of the stake driven vertically was more than twice that of the angle-driven stakes. It was hypothesized that the differences in extraction force were due to soil disruption that occurs when driving stakes into the soil. For maximum strength, it is recommended that wooden stakes be driven vertically into the soil.
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