Abstract
Aim:The present experiment aimed to evaluate the use of different additives, i.e., lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant, tannin extract, and propionic acid, on the chemical composition, fermentative characteristics, and in vitro ruminal fermentation of soy sauce by-product (SSB) silage.Materials and Methods:SSB was subjected to seven silage additive treatments: Fresh SSB, ensiled SSB, ensiled SSB+LAB, ensiled SSB+2% acacia tannin, ensiled SSB+2% chestnut tannin, ensiled SSB+0.5% propionic acid, and ensiled SSB+1% acacia tannin+1% chestnut tannin+0.5% propionic acid. Ensiling was performed for 30 days in three replicates, and each replicate was made in duplicate. The samples were evaluated for their chemical composition and silage fermentation characteristics and were tested in an in vitro rumen fermentation system.Results:In general, the nutrient compositions did not differ among the tested SSBs in response to the different additives used. The addition of tannins, either acacia or chestnut, and propionic acid significantly decreased the pH of the ensiled SSB (p<0.05). The addition of several additives (except LAB) decreased the ammonia concentration in SSB silage (p<0.05). The total volatile fatty acids in the in vitro rumen fermentation profile of the ensiled SSB were not significantly altered by the various additives applied. The addition of some additives, i.e., ensiled SSB+LAB and ensiled SSB+2% acacia tannin, reduced the digestibility values of the SSB (p<0.05). Different silage additives did not significantly affect methane production, although the addition of acacia tannins tended to result in the lowest methane production among treatments.Conclusion:The use of additives, particularly 2% acacia tannins, can reduce proteolysis in SSB silage.
Highlights
There are many underutilized agro-industrial by-products that have the potential for use as animal feeds
Different silage additives did not significantly affect methane production, the addition of acacia tannins tended to result in the lowest methane production among treatments
The previous studies have reported the use of Indigofera and Moringa silages as ruminant diets because of their high CP [26,27], and the CP of the soy sauce by-product (SSB) in the present study was comparable to those feed ingredients
Summary
There are many underutilized agro-industrial by-products that have the potential for use as animal feeds. One such agro-industrial by-product, soy sauce by-product (SSB), may cause environmental pollution when it is not managed properly [1]. Its moisture content is high, which may induce rapid deterioration of the by-product. The conservation of such material is, necessary to prevent spoilage and to maintain the nutritional quality [3]. Ensiling is a wet preservation technique that is commonly applied in various feed materials. This technique can even improve the digestibility of feed materials by reducing anti-nutritional factors
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