EVALUATION OF ENERGY ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR RESOURCE SAVING AND PROTECTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE FROM EMISSIONS IN THE «BOILER-HOUSE – HEAT CONSUMERS – ENVIRONMENTAL» SYSTEM

Abstract

Introduction. City boiler-houses significantly pollute the city's atmosphere with environmentally hazardous substances emitted into the atmosphere along with flue gases. In each district of the city, for example, with a population of one million, there are from 4 to 8 centralized boilers and several smaller boilers. Boiler emissions are caused not only by the type of fuel but also by the conditions of its combustion and the availability of technologies or means of capturing certain kinds of pollutants. Moreover, with the gradual seasonal cooling, fuel consumption increases, heat losses in residential and office buildings increase, which leads to an increase in fuel consumption. Accordingly, emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are increasing, which reduces the level of environmental safety of several neighbourhoods and the city as a whole.Aim and methods. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the energy and environmental efficiency of the introduction of resource-saving technologies in the system "boiler-house - heat consumers - environment", aimed at both resource conservation and reduction of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere based on a scientific generalization of methods boilers, as well as experimental determination of the amount of heat generated in certain parts of the specified system, in particular with the introduction of insulation technology.Results and discussion. A method for assessing the energy and environmental efficiency of technologies for resource conservation and protection of emissions from emissions in the system "boiler-house - heat consumers - environment" by the intensity of daily fuel consumption by boilers, as well as the level of conservation of heat produced by consumers. The energy-ecological index proposed by the authors is used, which simultaneously characterizes the multiplicity of the excess of current fuel consumption and the corresponding current emissions of pollutants by the boiler house relative to their calculated values calculated at the beginning of the heating season. The obtained results allow determining the resource-saving and ecological effect, in particular, from the introduction of the technology of insulation of the walls of houses in the link "heat consumers". To do this, you need to determine readout index values before and after the introduction of technology. The level of reduction of this index and related energy and environmental indicators will characterize the effectiveness of the introduced technology. In particular, the article showed that after full-scale insulation of the outer walls of urban buildings with layers of foam 5-10 cm thick, the value of the energy-ecological index will decrease by an average of 2%. Accordingly, fuel consumption by boilers and emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and other pollutants by boilers will reduce.Conclusions. The method of estimation of energy-ecological efficiency of introduction of technologies on resource-saving and protection of the atmosphere from emissions in the system "boiler-house - heat consumers - environment" based on the generalization of methods of operative calculation of emissions of pollutants based on the use of energy-ecological efficiency of introduction of technology of preservation of heat produced by the boiler-house due to warming of external walls of buildings, with the following definition of degree of decrease in the energy-ecological index and corresponding indicators of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by boiler-houses.