Abstract
In this study, the lateral buckling of pipelines on a rigid seabed under temperature and internal pressure is discussed regardless of the effects of waves and currents. The analytical results in some cases are compared with the numerical results obtained from ABAQUS software. Then the influence of effective parameters (such as: internal pressure, friction, initial imperfection, diameter and thickness of the pipe and the pipe material) on the lateral buckling of pipelines on a rigid seabed is evaluated in order to determine the level of importance. The most important results indicate a reduced possibility of lateral buckling with an increased coefficient of friction between the pipe and seabed, reduction of the internal pressure, and reduction of the amplitude of the initial imperfection in the pipeline. For example, compared to the models with coefficients of friction equal to 0.5 and 0.3, the safety temperature in the model with a coefficient of friction equal to 0.7 has increased 13.6% and 50% respectively. Compared to the models with initial imperfections equal to 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 m, the safety temperature in the model with an initial imperfection of 0.1 m has increased 4.49%, 15.32%, and 40.65% respectively.
Highlights
A pipeline can buckle either upwards (`upheaval buckling') or sideways (`lateral buckling'), similar to column buckling in steel frames
Changes in the e ective axial force at a farther point to buckling are proportional to changes in the temperature along the length of the pipeline. The value of this force decreases by decreasing the temperature, while it increases by increasing the temperature
Maximum buckle amplitude and maximum bending stress occur in this mode; The e ective axial force decreases during analysis following the occurrence of the buckling in the pipeline; the e ective axial force at the farther point to buckling is proportional to temperature along the length of the pipeline
Summary
A pipeline can buckle either upwards (`upheaval buckling') or sideways (`lateral buckling'), similar to column buckling in steel frames. Karampour et al [10] investigated the lateral and upheaval buckling of subsea pipelines For lateral buckling, they compared analytical results based on an isolated half-wave length model and the nite-element results from a long pipe with those of a nonlinear pipe-soil interaction model. Hong et al [14] proposed a lateral global buckling failure envelope for deep-water high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines using a numerical simulation analysis They concluded that pipelines with larger diameters, larger soil resistance coe cients, larger calculating lengths, and thinner wall thicknesses were more likely to fail after buckling. They conducted a parametric study of the e ect of these parameters on the critical axial force and post-buckling forms These parameters include structural parameters (such as imperfections, clearance, and bulkhead spacing), pipe/soil interaction parameters (such as axial and lateral friction properties between pipeline and seabed), and the load parameter's submerged weight. The free axial strain, ", due to a positive pressure di erence, p, between the uid pressure in the pipe and the external pressure is as follows:
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