Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of hydrothermal, phytase, and organic acid pretreated canola meal (CM) on nutrient digestibility in swine. A basal diet barley, wheat, and CM based, was formulated. Four diets containing 30% hydrothermal pretreated CM with 50% moisture and 40°C, phytase (1000 FTU/kg activity), and either citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA), or lactic acid (LA), and a control containing pretreated CM without phytase or organic acid were fed to 12 ileal-cannulated finisher pigs (initial average BW 105.3 ± 2.7 kg) in a completely randomized design over two periods of 9 days per period. Nutrient composition and phytate content of the diets, ileal digesta, and feces were analyzed and apparent ileal and total tract digestibilities were determined. The inclusion of hydrothermal, phytase, and CA or MA pretreated CM in the diet decreased phytate P (by up to 38.6%) (p < 0.05), consequently increasing available P (by up to 55.6%). Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was improved for P by 19.9 ‒ 35.1% units and apparent total tract digestibility of DM by 10.3 ‒ 14.8% units, of protein by 6.6 ‒ 12.1% units, and of gross energy by 12 ‒ 17% units across the treatments (p < 0.05), while AID of CP for MA treatment was up by 4.7% units (p < 0.05) relative to the control, indicating improved diet utilization, thus reduced excretion to the environment.
Highlights
Poor digestive utilization of phytin-bound phosphorus (P) in canola meal (CM) by nonruminant animals and its consequences on digestibility of nutrients, environment, and diet cost have led to extensive research efforts directed toward understanding its digestion (Jagger, Wiseman, Cole, & Craigon, 1992; Newkirk & Classen, 2001; Sauvant, Perez, & Tran, 2004; Thacker & Newkirk, 2005; Sands, Ragland, Dilger, & Adeola, 2009)
Analytical grade reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Canada (Oakville, ON) and Fisher Scientific Canada (Ottawa, ON); hydrochloric acid (HCl, 1M), powdered citric and malic acids of 100% purity, and lactic acid in liquid form of 80% purity were used for the experiments
In the present study, performed with ADG of 0.99 ±0.13 kg and no differences were observed between the treatments (p > 0.05), which agreed with the findings that steeping high-moisture corn with phytase (Columbus et al, 2010) or regardless of source or dosing (Langbein et al, 2013), phytase had no effect on ADG, but contradicted with the findings of a post-weaning study by Wilcock (2012) that addition of phytase improved live weight gain (0.46 kg of extra gain at 21 days)
Summary
Poor digestive utilization of phytin-bound phosphorus (P) in canola meal (CM) by nonruminant animals and its consequences on digestibility of nutrients, environment, and diet cost have led to extensive research efforts directed toward understanding its digestion (Jagger, Wiseman, Cole, & Craigon, 1992; Newkirk & Classen, 2001; Sauvant, Perez, & Tran, 2004; Thacker & Newkirk, 2005; Sands, Ragland, Dilger, & Adeola, 2009). Phytic acid (PA) binds divalent cations and reduces mineral digestibility (Bedford, 2000) and availability in pigs (Maenz, 2001). Addition of microbial phytase (MP) to diet improved phytate P [or phytic acid P (PAP)] utilization, increased the total tract digestibility of P and decreased the excretion of P from pigs (Beers & Jongbloed, 1992; Newkirk & Classen, 2001; Omogbenigun, Nyachoti, & Slominski, 2003; Beaulieu, Bedford, & Patience, 2007; Columbus, Niven, Zhu, & de Lange, 2010; Kerr, Weber, Miller, & Southern, 2010; Nourmohammadi & Afzali, 2013; Casas & Stein, 2015; Dersjant-Li & Dusel, 2019), it is quite widely used for the livestock industry. Researchers found efficacy of 2.8% of lactic acid (LA) in reducing Salmonella fecal contamination in pigs
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