Abstract
Different levels of dietary soybean meal (SBM) as a fish meal (FM) replacer, with and without amino acid supplementation, for whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in the biofloc system was examined in eight weeks of feeding trial. Eight experimental diets consisted of a basal diet with 0% FM replacement by SBM provided in clear sea water without biofloc system (S0SW), four diets replacing FM at 0% (S0), 33% (S33), 67% (S67) and 100% (S100) by SBM, and three diets replacing FM at 33% (S33A), 67% (S67A) and 100% (S100A) by SBM supplemented with amino acids (methionine and lysine) in the seawater biofloc system. Results of water quality analyses showed significantly lower total suspended solids and nitrate for S0SW group than all other treatments. Diets S0 and S33A resulted in higher weight gain and specific growth rate among all groups, with no significant differences with S33 group. In addition, whole-body protein and amino acid compositions of shrimp fed S0SW were lower than most biofloc groups. Haemolymph parameters showed significant differences in total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride between groups S0 and S0SW. Also, superoxide dismutase activity showed a decreasing trend with increasing replacement level. In conclusion, based on these results, SBM could replace up to 33% of FM with or without amino acid supplementation in juvenile whiteleg shrimp diets reared in the biofloc system.
Highlights
The ‘‘biofloc technology’’ is a sustainable technique used in minimum or zero water exchange shrimp culture systems (Avnimelech 2008; Crab et al 2009; De Schryver et al 2008)
The results illustrated for Weight gain (WG), Specific growth rate (SGR), Feed conversion ratio (FCR), Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate clearly indicate the benefits of shrimp culture in biofloc system in comparison to clear water
The observation for growth performance showed that up to 33% of the fish meal (FM) in a practical diet for whiteleg shrimp, reared in biofloc system, could be effectively substituted by the soybean meal (SBM)
Summary
The ‘‘biofloc technology’’ is a sustainable technique used in minimum or zero water exchange shrimp culture systems (Avnimelech 2008; Crab et al 2009; De Schryver et al 2008). In this system, heterotrophic microorganisms are employed to manage chemical quality of water by converting inorganic material to organic compounds such as conversion of ammonium into bacterial biomass (Avnimelech 2006; Crab et al 2007). Biofloc that is promoted in the culture water can beneficially control the quantity of ammonium and nitrite.
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