Abstract
BackgroundThe development of resistance in vectors is one of the major impediments for malaria control. Adding synergists to insecticides has proven to be an alternative choice for controlling resistant mosquitoes. DawaPlus 3.0 and DawaPlus 4.0 are new long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in which deltamethrin and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) are added into filaments and their efficacy was tested against resistant malaria vector, Anopheles culicifacies in experimental huts in India.MethodsThe performance of two trial nets in terms of deterrence induced exiting, blood-feeding inhibition and mortality of An. culicifacies was compared with DawaPlus 2.0 and untreated net.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in entry, blood feeding and mortality (p < 0.05) and increase in exit rates of An. culicifacies in the treatment arms compared to untreated arm. But, both candidate LNs washed 20 times could not perform better than the washed reference net (DawaPlus 2.0). Cone bioassay results showed that all the treatment arms (both washed and unwashed) produced < 80% mortality of An. culicifacies before and after hut evaluation.ConclusionsDawaPlus 3.0 and DawaPlus 4.0 with their current specification may not be as effective as required to control the resistant vector, An. culicifacies, in east-central India.
Highlights
The development of resistance in vectors is one of the major impediments for malaria control
The candidate long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN), DawaPlus 3.0 from Tana Netting, UAE, is a combination LLIN comprised of side panels made of knitted poly-filament polyester fibres (42 g/m2) coated with 2.5 g ai/kg deltamethrin (105 mg/m2), and roof made of polyethylene (40 g/m2) incorporating 3 g ai/kg deltamethrin (120 mg ai/m2) and 12 g/kg piperonyl butoxide (PBO) (480 mg/m2)
The current study evaluated the efficacy of DawaPlus 3.0 and DawaPlus 4.0 in experimental huts, against deltamethrin resistant natural population of Anopheles culicifacies in terms of deterrence, induced exiting, blood-feeding inhibition and mortality in India during April 2016 to December 2016
Summary
The development of resistance in vectors is one of the major impediments for malaria control. DawaPlus 3.0 and DawaPlus 4.0 are new long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in which deltamethrin and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) are added into filaments and their efficacy was tested against resistant malaria vector, Anopheles culicifacies in experimental huts in India. The development of resistance in vectors to insecticides is one of the major impediments for malaria control. DawaPlus 3.0 and DawaPlus 4.0 are among the new generation mosquito nets that were recommended by WHOPES for Phase II evaluation These LLINs are treated with deltamethrin and the oxidase synergist PBO [9, 10]. The second candidate LLIN, DawaPlus 4.0 from Tana Netting, is a mixture net comprised of side and roof panels made of polyethylene (40 g/m2) incorporating 3 g ai/kg deltamethrin (120 mg ai/m2) and 12 g/kg PBO (480 mg/ m2) [9]
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