Evaluation of cryptorchidism in cats and dogs

Abstract

Objective: Cryptorchidism, the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum, is a common congenital condition in male dogs and cats. This study aimed to assess the incidence and characteristics of cryptorchidism in neutered dogs and cats. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1622 animals (348 dogs and 1274 cats) brought for neutering between 2015 and 2023. Cryptorchid was diagnosed by clinical examination and its location was determined by ultrasound examination. Animals diagnosed with cryptorchid were castrated. Breed, age weight data and location of the retained testicle of all patients were recorded. Results: Dogs exhibited a higher prevalence (8.91%) compared to cats (3.30%). The affected testes were predominantly subcutaneous in both species (61.29% in dogs, 73.81% in cats). Unilateral cryptorchidism was more common, with equal distribution between the right and left sides in dogs and a higher incidence on the left in cats. Purebred animals, particularly small-sized breeds, showed a higher susceptibility to cryptorchidism. Conclusion: Our study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, localization, and characteristics of cryptorchidism in dogs and cats, emphasizing the importance of detection and intervention to safeguard the health of affected animals. The findings highlight the higher susceptibility of purebred dogs and cats.