Abstract
Background: Morphometric examination of upper and lower limb can be useful to medical anthropologists, archaeologists, forensic experts and medico legal studies. The aim of our study was to determine length of humerus and humerus segment.
Highlights
Almost all bones of the human skeleton show some degree of sexual dimorphism
It is unclear whether these findings reflect gender differences in bone size or shape; previous studies tried to confirm the factors that affect the long bone dimensions and to explain the phenomenon of the different lengths between the right and left humerus[2, 3]
The humerus offers important advantages over other long bones in that its entire outline can readily be traced on total body X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images, and its shape can be modeled as a cylinder with reasonable accuracy[15]
Summary
Almost all bones of the human skeleton show some degree of sexual dimorphism. The cross-sectional area of long bones is greater in males compared to females and this is tough to reflect more rapid periosteal bone growth in boys[1]. Muller was first to define 5 segments for the humerus using the margins of articular surfaces and key points of muscle attachment[7] This segment measurement is very helpful for determining the humerus length[12]. It is very important for anatomic and forensic science and helps the investigator to define the identity of a skeleton. Results: Mean MHH, H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5 were found to be 302±2.14mm, 6.4±1.3mm, 39.3±5.4mm, 27.4±2.4mm, 26.1±2.1 and 34.5±6 on the right and 297.5±2.1mm, 6.5±1.3mm, 39.2±4.8mm, 27.5±2.6mm, 22.1±2.3 and 32.6±3.5mm on the left humerus respectively Conclusion: Our study supplies the mean values of the different morphometric measurements from the humerus that may be useful in forensic, anatomic and archeological cases.
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