Abstract
This study evaluates the compression behaviors of a soft marine clay reinforced with waste shredded tire (WST) at different sizes (<0.5 mm, 0.5–2.0 mm, and 2.0–4.0 mm) and contents (15%, 35%, and 50%). Results from compression tests indicate that the compression index (Cc) of WST‐reinforced soft clay decreases with increasing WST shred size and content. The swelling index (Cs) increases as the WST shred size and content increase. The difference in compression curves becomes more significant for composite reinforced at large shred size. The void indexes of WST‐reinforced Lianyungang clay can be well normalized regardless of WST shred size and content by a regression line. The WST dominates the compression behavior of the WST‐clay composite, as the WST would be compressed prior to the clay particles. The results in this study provide an optimum WST content at 50% with shred size of 2.0–4.0 mm for reinforcing the Lianyungang marine clay for achieving higher compressibility, contributing to the input database of machine learning for WST‐reinforced soil.
Highlights
An estimate of over 1.4 billion waste tires are generated worldwide annually [1, 2] with the sharp increase in the number of vehicles in recent decades, and the number is at a growing rate of 2% per year. e waste tires from Europe, the United States, and Asia account for approximately 90% of the global waste tires [3, 4]
The waste shredded tire (WST)-clay composite seems less compressible as the WST content increases from 35% to 50%, especially with the composite reinforced at smaller WST shred size (Figure 3(a)). e difference in compression curves becomes more significant for composite reinforced at large shred size (Figure 3(b))
E compression curves were compared with those from Li et al [35] on the WST-reinforced Qingdao clays at a similar water content, where the clay was reinforced with 2–4 mm WST at contents varying from 0% to 50% (Figure 3(c)). ose from Li et al [35] were found to locate between the curves reinforced with WST at 15% and 35%, though a similar increasing compressibility trend was observed with increasing WST content
Summary
An estimate of over 1.4 billion waste tires are generated worldwide annually [1, 2] with the sharp increase in the number of vehicles in recent decades, and the number is at a growing rate of 2% per year. e waste tires from Europe, the United States, and Asia account for approximately 90% of the global waste tires [3, 4]. There were around 330 million waste tires with a weight of more than 10 million tons generated in China in the year 2019, and the growing rate of waste tires is at 6%–8% per year as per the latest report [5]. A number of research studies have been conducted on mixing the waste shredded tires (WSTs) with soil, especially with coarse grain soils, to improve soil properties in shear strength and compressibility [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. Li et al [20] observed that the compression index of clay increased to a point and decreased with increasing WST content. Pang [29] and Srivastava et al [30] found a monotonic increasing trend in the compression index of clay with increasing WSTcontent, while Ho et al [31] and Yadav and Tiwari [32] stated that the compression index decreased as the WST content increased
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