Evaluation of Clinical Symptoms Related to Common Serogroups of Leptospirosis in North of Iran

Mostafa Javanian,Arefeh Babazadeh,Mahmoud Sadeghi Haddad Zavareh,Nasrollah Vahedi,Soheil Ebrahimpour

doi:10.5539/jmbr.v7n1p127

Mostafa Javanian, Arefeh Babazadeh + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5539/jmbr.v7n1p127

Copy DOI

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a common disease between humans and animals. Identifying common serogroups and comparing different clinical symptoms among them can help in finding the clinical pattern associated with pathogen serogroupes of leptospirosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study has been to investigate the common serotypes of the infection and their clinical symptoms in northern Iran. This cross-sectional study was carried out in educational hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences during the years 2011- 2014. Subjects with clinical findings consistent with leptospirosis were included in the study. According to the standard MAT guidelines, the titre >=1: 200 was considered positive. Then, the patients identified by serogroup separation, were examined and compared clinical symptoms. Among 6o patients with primary diagnosis of leptospirosis in this study, 35 of them proved to be infected to the disease. The most common serogroups were serjoe (40%) and icterohemorrhagia (31.4%). Autumnalis (22.8%), grippotyphosa (11.4%), canicola (8.6%), and pomona (2.8%) were included the subsequent serogroups. The highest frequency of fever (28%) and gastrointestinal manifestations (36%) were observed in icterohemorrhagia and the highest icterus (30%) was found in serjoe serogroup. In this study, serjoe serogroup with fever and icterus, and then icterohemorrhagia with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms were introduced as the most common serogroups of Leptospirosis. Also the rarest serogroups were canicola and pomona.

Highlights

Leptospirosis is a common zoonotic infectious diseases, caused by spirochetes from the leptospirosis family and preserved by chronic renal infection of carrier animals, especially rodents in nature (Barragan et al, 2017)
In the patients infected with serjoe serogroup, the most common symptom was fever (80%) and icterus (60%)
The most common symptoms were fever (100%), chilling (44.4%), gastrointestinal symptoms (44%) and headache (37.5%)

Summary

Introduction

Leptospirosis is a common zoonotic infectious diseases, caused by spirochetes from the leptospirosis family and preserved by chronic renal infection of carrier animals, especially rodents in nature (Barragan et al, 2017). Leptospirosis is more prevalent in tropical and temperate regions, especially in the sultry ones, and is endemic in most of these areas (Joshi et al, 2017; Palihawadana et al, 2014) This infection is transferred to humans through occupational or recreational exposure to water or soil contaminated with the infected rodents’ urine. Leptospirosis infection is associated with a wide range of clinical symptoms as a subclinical infection, self-limiting systemic disease in 90% of cases and or severe fatal disease with multiple-organ failure (Koe et al, 2014) This is a two-phase disease that, after 10-day latency, acute septicemic phase begins with sudden fever, chilling, headache, myalgia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Over 250 Leptospira pathogen serogroups have been described (Haake & Levett, 2015; Lehmann et al, 2014; Mehrotra et al, 2017)

Methods

Results

Conclusion