Abstract
BackgroundThe herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used crop spraying products in the world. Some pesticides induce the degranulation of mast cells and increase allergic responses. This is the first study to evaluate the damage to the oral mucosa after an experimental simulation of environmental inhalation exposure to the 2,4-D herbicide. The aim of this study was evaluate the possible oral damage caused by acute inhalation exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D.ResultsThere was a difference between the exposure concentrations in relation to tissue congestion intensity (p = 0.002) and mast cell counts (p = 0.002), a difference in the evaluation of the interaction between the exposure concentrations and nebulization time in the dorsum epithelium thickness (p = 0.013), and a significant correlation between the epithelial thickness and the number of nucleoli organizing regions on the dorsum of the tongue (p = 0.048).ConclusionsEven after acute exposure, the herbicide 2,4-D had the potential to damage the oral epithelium, especially at higher doses.
Highlights
The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used crop spraying products in the world
This is the first study to evaluate the buccal mucosa in an experimental simulation of environmental inhalation exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D at different concentrations that are similar to those used in crops
There was a statistically significant difference in mast cell counts between the exposure concentrations (p = 0.002), but there was no difference in relation to exposure times, nor was there an interaction between the exposure concentrations and exposure times (p = 0.450)
Summary
The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used crop spraying products in the world. Some pesticides induce the degranulation of mast cells and increase allergic responses This is the first study to evaluate the damage to the oral mucosa after an experimental simulation of environmental inhalation exposure to the 2,4-D herbicide. The mucosa of the oral cavity, which is close to the respiratory tract mucosa, is one of the first areas that is contaminated by agrochemicals due to the formation of mist during spraying This is the first study to evaluate the buccal mucosa in an experimental simulation of environmental inhalation exposure (occupational and para-occupational) to the herbicide 2,4-D at different concentrations that are similar to those used in crops
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