Evaluation of Bradykinin and Leukotriene B4 and D4 in Serum of Patients with COVID-19: A Case Control Study

Abstract

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as one of the global threats, infecting millions of people and causing the mortality of several million around the world. Objectives: This study aims to assess levels of bradykinin, leukotriene B4, and leukotriene D4 in patients with COVID-19 and people enjoying good health as a control group, explaining the results scientifically. Materials and Methods: Medical information was collected from 90 participants at Merjin Medical Hospital in Iraq, at the respiratory care unit according to specific criteria. The people were separated into two groups: controls and patients. The study demographic included sex, age, disease severity, oxygen saturation rate (SPO2), and body mass index (BMI), and excluded patients with diabetes, asthma, pulmonary obstructive tract disease, and other chronic diseases. The bradykinin, leukotriene B4, and leukotriene D4 levels were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA). Results: The results revealed significant variations in bradykinin, leukotriene B4, and D4 levels between the COVID-19 and control groups, with a P value of 0.036, 0.001, and 0.031, respectively. Bradykinin level in the COVID-19 group was 49.36 ± 11.24, whereas the control group showed 34.78 ± 7.15. LTB4 level in the COVID-19 patients was 401.96 ± 89.23, whereas the control group showed 316.40 ± 78.56. LTD4 level in the COVID-19 group was 11.50 ± 1.65, whereas the control group showed 8.33 ± 1.37. Conclusion: Bradykinin, leukotriene D4, and B4 can be considered good indicators to provide knowledge about the severity of COVID-19 and help physicians give appropriate medications.