Evaluation of asymmetry of indicators in international trade: a case study for Ukraine

Abstract

Methods. In the process of studying medicines imports in Ukraine, methods of analysis and synthesis, observation method, methods of induction and deduction, methods of comparative analysis, graphical, logical and tabular methods were used. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of comparative analysis (mirror analysis) and observations, which made it possible to assess the level of asymmetry in international trade indicators. To identify trends in the level of relative discrepancies between counter flows, a graphical method was used. The generalization method was used to systematize the relative deviations of international trade indicators in physical and value terms. Results. The use of comparative analysis made it possible to establish discrepancies in the lists of partner countries in international trade. The discrepancy between the lists is partly explained by the methodological specifics of recognizing a country as a partner in import and export operations. The use of mirror analysis made it possible to reveal asymmetry in the volumes of import transactions with medicines in Ukraine and to prove that in some cases it has significant dimensions. Four types of asymmetry have been established in counter flows, which are formed under the influence of various factors. Interpretation of the results allowed establishing possible options for explaining the existing disagreements, including both shortcomings in the formation of customs reports and abuses in the field of international trade. Novelty. Mirror analysis applied to Ukraine’s import transactions with medicines revealed four types of asymmetry in commodity flows that arise from the inadequacy and low quality of customs reports, as well as from abuse in international trade. Practical value. The established reasons for the discrepancy between statistical data can be used to improve customs reporting, as well as to identify abuse in international trade in pharmaceutical products.