Abstract
Considering the indigenous utilization of Quercus incana Roxb., the present study deals with the investigation of antioxidant, free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and antimicrobial activity of Q. incana Roxb. In vitro antioxidant activity of the plant fractions were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and nitric oxide scavenging method. Total phenolic contents were determined by gallic acid equivalent and antimicrobial activities were determined by agar well diffusion method. It was observed that Q. incana Roxb. showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. n-Butanol fraction showed maximum activity against Micrococcus leuteus with 19 mm zone of inhibition. n-Butanol fraction of Q. incana Roxb. showed immense antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (32 mm ± 0.55) and A. flavus (28 mm ± 0.45). Similarly n-butanol fraction showed relatively good antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 55.4 ± 0.21 μg/mL. The NO scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 = 23.21 ± 0.31 μg/mL) was fairly good compared to other fractions. The current study of Q. incana Roxb. suggests the presences of synergetic action of some biological active compounds that may be present in the leaves of medicinal plant. Further studies are needed to better characterize the important active constituents responsible for the antimicrobial, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
Highlights
Oxidative damage is a major source of many illnesses; as free radicals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks cell macromolecules
Result showed that highest radical scavenging activity (RSA) was observed in n-butanol and ethyl acetate with % inhibition of 64.85 and 58.89%, respectively, while least in n-hexane fraction with 26.02% (Figure 1)
IC50 values were calculated using regression equation that showed inverse relationship between IC50 and percentage scavenging strongest DPPH radical scavenging was observed in n-butanol and ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 values of 55.4 ± 0.21 and 182.3 ± 0.85 μg/mL, respectively, while lowest was in n-hexane 677.8 ± 0.67 μg/mL
Summary
Oxidative damage is a major source of many illnesses; as free radicals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks cell macromolecules. Antioxidants play key role in preventing cell being injured by ROS by counter acting these free radicals (Lai et al, 2001). Antioxidants derived from plants provide protection to cell by scavenging free oxygen radical through offsetting ROS. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus incana Roxb. This has been made possible due to the presence of certain bioactive substances, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and essential oils, rendering plants with antioxidant activity (Liu, 2003). Plants can play crucial role in reducing amount of NO through their efficient NO scavenging activity
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