Abstract
BackgroundCrataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham. (Family: Capparidaceae) is widely used as anti-inflammatory, contraceptive, laxative, lithotropic, febrifuge and as tonic in traditional medicine. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Crataeva nurvala (MECN).MethodsThe antinociceptive activity was investigated using heat-induced (hot-plate and tail-immersion test) and chemical-induced (acetic acid, formalin and glutamic acid) nociception models in mice at different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) of MECN. Morphine sulphate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg, i. p.) were used as reference analgesic drugs.ResultsMECN produced significant dose-dependent antinociception when assessed using hot plate test, tail immersion test and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test (65.55%). Likewise, MECN at similar doses produced significant dose-dependent inhibition in both neurogenic (50.82%) and inflammatory pain (73.53%) induced by intraplantar injection of formalin (2.5% formalin, 20 μl/paw). Besides, MECN also significantly inhibited the glutamate-induced (10 μM/paw) pain in mice (74.68%). It was demonstrated that pretreatment with naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reversed antinociception produced by MECN in hot plate and tail immersion test suggesting the involvement of opioid receptor. In addition, administration of glibenclamide (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist could not reverse antinociceptive activity induced by MECN.ConclusionThe results suggest that MECN possesses antinociceptive activity involving inhibition of opioid system as well as the glutamatergic system supporting its traditional uses.
Highlights
Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham. (Family: Capparidaceae) is widely used as anti-inflammatory, contraceptive, laxative, lithotropic, febrifuge and as tonic in traditional medicine
Acute toxicity test The present study demonstrated that oral administration of the MECN at the doses of 1,000 2,000 and 3,000 mg/kg did not show any mortality, behavioral changes or allergic manifestations during the 72 h observation period after administration
It can be assumed that MECN possess low toxicity profile and the LD50 is more than 3,000 mg/kg
Summary
Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham. (Family: Capparidaceae) is widely used as anti-inflammatory, contraceptive, laxative, lithotropic, febrifuge and as tonic in traditional medicine. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Crataeva nurvala (MECN). Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham., a common plant in Bangladesh locally known as Borun or Bonna, is a medium sized branched deciduous tree which grows throughout the bank of rivers, canals, lakes and roadsides of tropical, and sub-tropical countries of the world [1]. For a long period of time this plant has been used in the traditional medicine of Bangladesh as anti-inflammatory, contraceptive, laxative, lithotropic, febrifuge and tonic. It is useful in the treatment of kidney stone, bladder stone, vomiting, gastric irritation and rheumatic fever [2]. The methanolic extract of C. nurvala leaves was investigated for it’s potential antinociceptive activity in different experimental models in mice
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