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Abstract
Objectives: Securigera securidaca Degen & Dorfl (Fabaceae) is an annual herb occurring wild in West Asia, Europe and Africa. The seeds of this plant are used for the treatment of disorders such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and epilepsy in Iranian folk medicine. Materials: This study was carried out to check antiherpetic substances of crude methanol seed extract of Securigera securidaca and its column chromatographic fractions. The antiherpetic activities of different concentrations (20, 2, 0.2 and 0.02 μg/ml) of crude methanol extract and sub-fractions were tested by use of plaque-forming unit (PFU) assay and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: The most active fractions analyzed by column chromatography, containing kaempferol and kaempferol- 7-O-glucoside. The apparent effective concentration for 50% plaque reduction (EC50) of crude methanol extract, kaempferol, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside and acyclovir (ACV) were 2, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that kaempferol and kaempferol-7-O-glucoside isolated from S. securidaca may inhibit virus attachment to the cell membrane, virus entry into the cell and viral polymerase
Highlights
Securigera securidaca Degen & Dörfl (Fabaceae) has been applied to a variety of ailments such as epilepsy, hypertension, malaria, gastric influx, and hyperlipidemia in traditional eastern medicine
The most active fractions analyzed by column chromatography, containing kaempferol and kaempferol7-O-glucoside
The apparent effective concentration for 50% plaque reduction (EC50) of crude methanol extract, kaempferol, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside and acyclovir (ACV) were 2, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. These findings demonstrate that kaempferol and kaempferol-7-O-glucoside isolated from S. securidaca may inhibit virus attachment to the cell membrane, virus entry into the cell and viral polymerase
Summary
Spectroscopic analyses suggested that compounds 6a and 6b which showed anti-herpetic activity were identified as kaempferol and kaempferol-7-O-glucoside respectively. Antiviral activity of 20 μg/ml of methanol extract and twelve fractions of S. securidaca were evaluated by plaque reduction assay. Results showed that 20 μg/ml of methanol extract, fraction 6a (kaempferol) and fraction 6b (kaempferol-7-O-glucoside) inhibited HSV-1 multiplication with an inhibition rate of 98 ± 5.2%, 100 ± 2.9% and 100 ± 2.9% respectively. EC50 values of methanol extract, kaempferol, kaempferol-7-O glycoside and ACV were 2 ± 0.12, 0.2 ± 0.01, 0.1 ± 0.01 and 0.1 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. Results showed that methanol extract, kaempferol-7-O-glycoside and kaempferol had no cytotoxic effect up to the concentrations of 15, 15 and 5 μg/ml respectively. The result showed that antiviral activity of kaempferol-7-O-glycoside was significantly better than kaempferol
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