Abstract
Aim Pain and inflammation are associated with many diseases in humans and animals. Galla Chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a variety of pharmacological properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Galla Chinensis through different animal models. Method The analgesic activities were evaluated by hot-plate and writhing tests. The anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by ear edema, capillary permeability, and paw edema tests. The contents of cytokines (NO, iNOS, PGE2, and IL-10) in serum of rats in paw edema test were inspected by ELISA assays. Results In the hot-plate test, Galla Chinensis could significantly extend pain threshold when compared to control group. The inhibitory rates of writhes ranged from 36.62% to 68.57% in Galla Chinensis-treated mice. Treatment with Galla Chinensis (1 and 0.5 g/kg) could significantly inhibit ear edema (47.45 and 36.91%, resp.; P < 0.01). Galla Chinensis (1 g/kg) had significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity in capillary permeability test (29.04%). In carrageenan-induced edema test, the inhibitory rates were 43.71% and 44.07% (P < 0.01) at 1 h and 2 h after administration of Galla Chinensis (1 g/kg), respectively, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced. Conclusion These results suggest that Galla Chinensis has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which may be a candidate drug for the treatment of inflammation and pain.
Highlights
Recent studies revealed that inflammation was associated with ailments, wounds, trauma, and swelling [1], and with cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity [2]
In this study, the analgesic effects of Galla Chinensis were determined through hot-plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing, and the anti-inflammatory activities were assessed through xylene-induced ear edema test, acetic acid-induced
This study showed that the levels of iNOS in the treated (Galla Chinensis and indomethacin) groups were decreased
Summary
Recent studies revealed that inflammation was associated with ailments, wounds, trauma, and swelling [1], and with cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity [2]. Chemical, and biological stimuli can lead to occurrence of inflammation It is usually accompanied with pain, redness, swelling, heat, and dysfunction [3]. The primary treatment of inflammation and pain is to use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but long-term use could lead to a lot of side effects, such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal complications [4, 5]. Galla Chinensis, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is widely distributed in Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Shanxi, and Yunnan. In this study, the analgesic effects of Galla Chinensis were determined through hot-plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing, and the anti-inflammatory activities were assessed through xylene-induced ear edema test, acetic acid-induced
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