Abstract
Polygonum hydropiper L. is a traditionally used medicinal plant. The present study was designed to explore the α-amylase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum hydropiper L. Polarity-based solvent extracts (n-hexane, acetone, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and water) of Polygonum hydropiper leaves and stem were used. Antioxidant activity was assessed by free radical scavenging assay (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity methods. Quantitative phytochemical analyses suggested that the stem of Polygonum hydropiper L. contains higher levels of bioactive compounds than its leaves (p < 0.05). The results suggested that stem-derived extracts of Polygonum hydropiper L. are more active against bacterial species, including two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative strains. Moreover, our results showed that the bioactive compounds of Polygonum hydropiper L. significantly inhibit α-amylase activity. Finally, we reported the polarity-based solvent extracts of Polygonum hydropiper L. and revealed that the stem, rather than leaves, has a high antioxidant potential as measured by FRAP and DPPH assay with IC50 values of 1.38 and 1.59 mg/mL, respectively. It may also be deducted from the data that the Polygonum hydropiper L. could be a significant candidate, which should be subjected to further isolation and characterization, to be used as an antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antioxidant resource in many industries, like food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Highlights
The Polygonaceae family is comprised of 48 genera and 1200 species [1,2]
In first series of experiments, class of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, β-carotene, and lycopene from the leaves (PHL) and stem (PHS) of P. hydropiper were extracted with their respective solvents and quantified
We noticed that the leaves of P. hydropiper contained significantly higher concentrations of β-carotene and lycopene than those found in the stem of P. hydropiper (t = 2.90, p = 0.044; t = 4.31, p = 0.013)
Summary
The Polygonaceae family is comprised of 48 genera and 1200 species [1,2]. Among the 60 species of the Polygonum distributed throughout the world, approximately 20 species are found in Pakistan [3].They grow in moist places and shallow water. The Polygonaceae family is comprised of 48 genera and 1200 species [1,2]. Among the 60 species of the Polygonum distributed throughout the world, approximately 20 species are found in Pakistan [3]. They grow in moist places and shallow water. Polygonum hydropiper L. is an important medicinal plant of Polygonaceae family. It is commonly grown annually in the wet areas and is recognized as a common weed which is native to Southeast Asia [4]. The stem is round; its length usually varies from 40 to 70 cm [5]
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