Evaluation of accumulation and translocation of Pb and Cr in Vigna unguiculata by hydroponic phytoremediation model and assess it genetic stability

Abstract

In this study, the phytoremediation (accumulation and translocation) competence of Pb and Cr by Vigna unguiculata under metal supplemented hydrophonic medium was investigated. Moreover, analyzed the genomic DNA stability of V. unguiculata under different dosages of Pb and Cr was analyzed through RAPD analysis. To assess the phytoextraction along with tolerance of V. unguiculata under Pb and Cr metal stress circumstances, a number of investigations were performed. The dosages of these metals reached maximum values (Pd: root 4685.8 ± 8.57 mg kg−1 & shoot 956.63 ± 3.9 mg kg−1, and Cr: root 5157.62 ± 11.56 mg kg−1 & 1243.51 ± 10.2 mg kg−1) in plant tissues in 1500 mg L−1 treatment. The Bioconcentration factors (BCF) for Pb as well as Cr demonstrated that V. unguiculata possess phytoextraction competence and the translocation factors (TCF) revealed that these metals were slightly translocated. This study indicates that, V. unguiculatais more appropriate for the phytoremediation of Pb and Cr polluted soil. However, the total soluble protein (TSP) and RAPD analysis revealed the occurrent of metal toxicity on TSP and plant genomic DNA. As a result of these findings, this V. unguiculata may be used for phytoremediation purposes; however, cultivation for edible purposes should be avoided in metal-contaminated soil because it adsorbs toxic metals that can spread to the food web while using this plant yield.