Evaluation of a Disease Warning System for Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot of Grape: A Field Study.

Abstract

A field evaluation of a warning system for Phomopsis cane and leaf spot of grape (Vitis spp.), caused by Phomopsis viticola, was conducted in Ohio over 3 years (2002 to 2004) by applying fungicides and fungicide-adjuvant combinations based on predicted infection events. Three different criteria for risk-light, moderate, and high-were evaluated with the warning system. The warning system is based on measured weather conditions (temperature and wetness duration following rain) and a model for risk of leaf and internode infection. Vines were sprayed with fungicides based on either the warning system or a calendar-based 7-day protectant program, from 2.5-cm shoot growth (Eichhorn-Lorenz [E-L] stage 7) to the end of the broom (E-L stage 27). Fungicides were tested with or without an adjuvant (JMS Stylet-Oil or Regulaid). In the controls, the mean percentage of leaves and internodes with infections ranged from 36 to 100%, the number of lesions per leaf ranged from 1 to 28, and percentage of internodes covered by lesions ranged from 1 to 12%. Both the calendar-based protectant treatment (based on use of mancozeb) and the warning system treatment based on spraying in response to light or moderate predicted infection events (especially with mancozeb + Regulaid) resulted in significantly less disease incidence and severity compared with the controls. The mean percent control (relative difference in disease between a treatment and the control) was higher for the protectant schedule (˜55% and ˜80% for incidence and severity, respectively, based on application of mancozeb) than for the warning system (˜36% and ˜60% for incidence and severity, respectively, based on application of mancozeb + Regulaid), but there were two to three times more fungicide applications with the protectant schedule than with the warning system.