Evaluation of 5G techniques affecting the deployment of smart hospital infrastructure: Understanding 5G, AI and IoT role in smart hospital

Abstract

Smart Hospital will play a key role in improving the quality of services (QoS) related to the health sector. In the present scenario, it is impossible to accommodate an ageing population with the current infrastructure and facilities provided by conventional hospitals. However, the integration of technologies with the conventional hospital is enhancing the medical services and also making it easier for the public, who can save time and money by getting all the necessary medical facilities while sitting at home. The deployment of the fifth generation (5G) is taking place all over the world. The 5G network offers a better service that can be used in hospitals to make it a smart health service provider with online facilities such as video monitoring, suggesting a proper medical prescription based on medical data, remote surgery, and so on. High bandwidth, a fast data rate, low latency, and a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) are some requirements that need to be fulfilled by the 5G radio. In this work, we focus on improving the power savings, spectral access, latency, and Bit error rate (BER) of the advanced 5G waveforms such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), filter bank multi carrier (FBMC), and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In the first part of the article, we proposed a PAPR reduction algorithm to improve the power efficiency of the power amplifier (PA) for 5G waveforms. Several algorithms are applied to the 5G waveforms, and their performances are estimated in terms of PAPR curves. In the second part, we have utilised advanced detection algorithms to improve the signal detection of the 5G waveforms. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithms efficiently enhance the throughput of the framework. In the third part, we improve the spectral efficiency of the 5G waveforms by applying spectrum sensing (SS) algorithms. It is seen that the SS methods efficiently reduce the spectrum leakage of the multi-carrier waveforms (MCW). Finally, we examined the role and challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) in smart hospitals. Overall, it is concluded that hospitals can become more effective, cut expenses, and provide better patient care with the aid of AI and IoT. Hospitals can improve patient outcomes and the state of the healthcare system as a whole by utilising these technologies.