Abstract
Istanbul hosts large amount of historical buildings. Many of these buildings are made of limestone, fossiliferous limestone and clayey limestone widely known in the region as “Kufeki Stones”. In this study the effect of varying cleaning techniques on altered Kufeki stones was investigated. Within this respect, fresh Kufeki stone samples from original building stone (Bakirkoy Kufekisi) and recently used substitute rocks from different quarries and regions around Istanbul were compiled. Mineralogical, petrographic and chemical analysis followed by physical and mechanical properties were investigated for these stones. Same stone samples were subjected to accelerated deterioration mechanisms. These altered stones were then cleaned with laser cleaning and pressurized micro-sand blasting techniques and weight losses were calculated and visual changes were determined. The results revealed that rock micro-texture and physical properties should be considered in determining the appropriate cleaning technique. Besides, the usage type of the stone and type of deterioration mechanism should also be considered during the determination of cleaning technique. It is also emphasized that the laser cleaning is less destructive method for cleaning Kufeki stones among the investigated techniques.
Highlights
In İstanbul, many historical buildings have been constructed using limestone outcropped in the region
İstanbul hosts large amount of historical buildings. Many of these buildings are made of limestone, fossiliferous limestone and clayey limestone widely known in the region as “Küfeki Stones”
It is strongly concluded that the water absorption coefficient by capillarity of küfeki stones influences the pollution process and the efficiency of cleaning method
Summary
In İstanbul, many historical buildings have been constructed using limestone outcropped in the region These rocks composed of limestone, fossiliferous limestone and clayey limestone are generally named as “Küfeki Stones” in the region. Adverse effects of cleaning techniques on stones were not investigated deeply. For the Küfeki stones, it is only generally known that the techniques used to remove the patina from the rock, harms the rocks surface and effects on the service life of the stone. In the second part of the study, Küfeki Stones were artificially aged they were cleaned with different cleaning techniques. The methods and findings of this research identify the effects of various cleaning techniques on artificially aged Küfeki stones in such a detail for the first time in scientific literature
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