Evaluating the Use of Phenylacetonitrile Plus Acetic Acid to MonitorPandemis pyrusanaandCydia pomonella(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple

Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated that key herbivore-induced foliage volatiles from apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae), can be attractive to conspecific adult male and female tortricid leafrollers when used together with acetic acid lures. Our study reported here was conducted in Washington State during 2013–2014 and assessed the attractiveness of both sexes of the leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to blends of acetic acid with phenylacetonitrile. Interestingly, traps baited with phenylacetonitrile plus acetic acid caught significantly more males, females, and total moths than the number of males caught in traps baited with a commercial sex pheromone lure. The evaporation rate of the acetic acid co-lure was shown to be an important factor affecting catches of P. pyrusana with phenylacetonitrile. Adding phenylacetonitrile to traps baited with pear ester, ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate and acetic acid significantly reduced both total and female moth catches of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). However, neither C. pomonella nor P. pyrusana catch were impacted when phenylacetonitrile and acetic acid were added to traps baited with pear ester plus (E, E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, the sex pheromone of codling moth. These results support our broader work to develop lures to improve monitoring and management of a number of tortricid pests attacking horticultural crops worldwide. Resumen Estudios recientes han demostrado que volatiles foliares claves inducidos por herbivoros en manzano, Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae), pueden ser atractivos para hembras y machos adultos conspecificos de enrolladores tortricidos cuando se usan junto con cebos de acido acetico. Nuestro estudio, descrito aqui, se llevo a cabo en el estado de Washington durante 2013-2014 evaluando la atraccion de ambos sexos del enrollador, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a mezclas de acido acetico con fenilacetonitrilo. Curiosamente, las trampas cebadas con fenilacetonitrilo y acido acetico capturaron significativamente mas machos, hembras y polillas totales que el numero de machos atrapados en trampas provistas de un cebo comercial de feromonas sexuales. Demostrandose que la tasa de evaporacion del co-atractante de acido acetico era un factor importante que afectaba las capturas de P. pyrusana con fenilacetonitrilo. La adicion de fenilacetonitrilo a las trampas cebadas con ester de pera, etil (E, Z) -2,4- decadienoato y acido acetico redujo significativamente tanto la captura total como la de hembras de polilla de la manzana, Cydiapomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Sin embargo, ni la captura de C. pomonella ni la de P. pyrusana se vieron afectadas cuando se anadieron fenilacetonitrilo y acido acetico a las trampas cebadas con ester de pera y (E, E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, feromona sexual de polilla de la manzana. Estos resultados respaldan nuestro trabajo mas amplio para desarrollar cebos que mejoren el monitoreo y manejo de varias especies de plagas de la familia Torticididae, que atacan cultivos horticolas en todo el mundo.View this article in BioOne