Abstract
BackgroundBactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta are economically important fruit fly pests of crops, vegetables, fruits, and nuts worldwide, especially in China. Nowadays in China, B. correcta is a second notorious pest of many fruits after B. dorsalis. Different botanicals have been tested against the B. dorsalis but in the case of B. correcta, no records were published.MethodologyThis study evaluated the repellency of four botanicals (Seriphidium brevifolium, Piper nigrum, Azadirachta indica and quercetin) in acetone dilutions (5%, 2.5% and 1%) against the B. dorsalis and B. correcta at the laboratory conditions (25 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of L:D 14:10 h).ResultsThe number of visits after 24–48 h, oviposition punctures, and pupae made by both species were lower on the treated mangoes in comparison to untreated mangoes. S. brevifolium, P. nigrum, A. indica and quercetin have significantly reduced the visits, ovipositional punctures, and pupae of both species. Among botanicals, the P. nigrum was the most effective repellent against B. correcta and as well as B. dorsalis. However, the harmful effects of these botanicals against natural enemies are still unknown.
Highlights
Mangoes are important fruits all over the world especially in Asia because of delicious taste and essential nutrient content (Sial et al, 2015)
Visits after 24 h Female B. dorsalis visits (%) after 24 h were minimum on mangoes treated by the P. nigrum at 5% (F3, 20 = 21.30, P < 0.001) and 2.5% (F3, 20 = 11.60, P < 0.001) concentrations as compared to the other botanicals (S. brevifolium, A. indica and quercetin) and their concentrations (5% and 2.5%) (Fig. 3A)
In case of B. correcta, visits (%) after 24 h were less on mangoes treated by the P. nigrum at all concentration for example, 5% (F3, 20 = 16.20, P < 0.001), 2.5% (F3, 20 = 9.92, P < 0.001), and 1% (F3, 20 = 6.74, P = 0.003) as compared to rest of three botanicals and their concentrations (5%, 2.5% and 1%) (Fig. 3B)
Summary
Mangoes are important fruits all over the world especially in Asia because of delicious taste and essential nutrient content (Sial et al, 2015). Evaluating the repellent effect of four botanicals against two Bactrocera species on mangoes. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and B. correcta (Bezzi) are serious threats to fruits especially mangoes all over the world (Ekesi et al, 2016; Jaleel, He & Lü, 2019; Jaleel et al, 2018a). Nowadays in China, the B. correcta is a second notorious pest of different fruits after B. dorsalis. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta are economically important fruit fly pests of crops, vegetables, fruits, and nuts worldwide, especially in China. Nowadays in China, B. correcta is a second notorious pest of many fruits after B. dorsalis. S. brevifolium, P. nigrum, A. indica and quercetin have significantly reduced the visits, ovipositional punctures, and pupae of both species. The harmful effects of these botanicals against natural enemies are still unknown
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