Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the effect of adding chicken eggshell powder (CESP) to conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) on its mechanical properties, and fluoride and calcium release. CESP was added with proportions of 3% and 5% by weight to the powder component of conventional glass-ionomer cement. The specimens were categorized into group A: GIC without CESP; group B: GIC with 3% wt. CESP; and group C: GIC with 5% wt. CESP; there were 12 specimens in each group. Groups B and C showed higher compressive strength values compared to group A. However, microhardness scores were higher in group C compared to groups A and B. As for ion-release results, group B displayed the highest values of fluoride release followed by group C at both 7 and 30 days. Group C showed the highest amount of calcium release followed by both groups B and C at 7 days, while at 30 days, groups A and B showed higher calcium release compared to group C. The mechanical properties of conventional glass-ionomer restorative material were enhanced by the addition of CESP. Moreover, fluoride and calcium release were not compromised by adding CESP.
Highlights
Since its introduction in 1972, glass-ionomer cement (GIC) has been popular among clinicians due to its exclusive properties such as chemical adhesion to mineralized tissues, moisture insensitivity, and low coefficient of thermal expansion, which is close to that of tooth structures
The results revealed that groups B (3% Chicken eggshell powder (CESP)) and C (5% CESP) showed significantly higher compressive strength values compared to group A (GI without CESP), which showed the lowest values (Table 1)
Our results clearly showed that adding CESP did not interfere with the inherent ability of GIC to release ions, on the contrary, it even seemed to potentiate this ability to the extent that fluoride and calcium release were increased in groups B and C compared to GIC with no added CESP
Summary
Since its introduction in 1972, glass-ionomer cement (GIC) has been popular among clinicians due to its exclusive properties such as chemical adhesion to mineralized tissues, moisture insensitivity, and low coefficient of thermal expansion, which is close to that of tooth structures. Two processes occur in relation to fluoride release: a fast burst during the early period (1–7 days), and a long-term diffusive process [6]. Despite of all these advantages, GIC has low mechanical strength properties that compromise its durability in stress-bearing areas [7]. Many attempts have been made to enhance the mechanical properties of conventional GIC, such 5as the addition of resin [8] and the incorporation of alumina, carbon, glass, hydroxyapatite, and fluoroapatite nanoparticles without compromising the fluoride-release properties of GIC [9,10]
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