Abstract
Objective To evaluate the compressive strength and fluoride ion release of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cement mixing methods (hand mix and mechanical mix) compared to ready-to-use ones. Materials and Methods Two conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) (Fuji II and Fuji II Caps), two resin-modified GICs (Fuji II LC and Fuji II L Caps), and one ready-to-use GIC (Ionoseal, Voco) were used. For the compressive strength test, cylindrical specimens (6 mm × 4 mm) of each group were prepared. The test was performed in a universal testing machine (EMIC DL2000). For the fluoride release test, specimens were prepared in the form of discs and placed in deionized/distilled water, which were replaced daily for 15 days. The fluoride ion release readings were performed on an electrode (Orion 96-09) connected to a digital ion analyzer (Quimis 0400ISE). The compressive strength data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, and the ion release data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA (material vs. time) and Holm–Sidak post test (α = 5%). Results The one-way ANOVA showed statistical difference between the tested materials (p < 0.001). Ionoseal showed the highest values of compressive strength (p < 0.001). Mechanical manipulation increased the compressive strength only for conventional GIC, and resin-modified GIC did not present any statistical difference. Conventional GIC (mechanical mix) showed higher fluoride release on first day than the other groups tested. Conclusion There was influence of the mixing methods of the materials on the compressive strength and fluoride release pattern of the glass ionomer cements.
Highlights
Due to the large-scale use of different ionomer cements, the present study investigated the effect of mixing methods on the compressive strength and fluoride release of different glass ionomer cements (GICs). e null hypothesis was as follows: the mixing methods of the cements have no effects on (i) its compressive strength and (ii) fluoride release
Statistical analysis was performed using the SigmaPlot 13 software (SigmaPlot v. 13.1, Systat Software Inc., San Jose, USA). e normality and equality of variance assumptions were statistically analyzed by Shapiro–Wilk and Brown–Forsythe tests. e compressive strength means were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Holm–Sidak tests for comparisons (α 0.05). e fluoride
Among the materials that were mixed with different methods, the conventional hand-mixed GIC had the lowest values of compressive strength. e conventional encapsulated GIC presented values of compressive strength similar to the resin-modified GIC, independent of the mixing method
Summary
To evaluate the compressive strength and fluoride ion release of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cement mixing methods (hand mix and mechanical mix) compared to ready-to-use ones. International Journal of Dentistry and the volume of the liquid depends on the angulation of the bottle at the time of drop dispensation [13] In clinical practice, these variations are exacerbated when the operator does not carefully follow the manufacturer’s recommendations, which results in improper manipulation and interferes in the physical and mechanical properties of the material [14]. Light curing glass ionomer composite cements ready to use (no mixing), with fast light cure (20 seconds) and high compressive strength and fluoride release became available in the market. Due to the large-scale use of different ionomer cements, the present study investigated the effect of mixing methods on the compressive strength and fluoride release of different GICs. e null hypothesis was as follows: the mixing methods (hand mixing, mechanical mixing, and read-touse) of the cements have no effects on (i) its compressive strength and (ii) fluoride release
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