Evaluating the Influences of Natural Resources and Ageing People on CO2 Emissions in G-11 Nations: Application of CS-ARDL Approach.

Usman Mehmood,Ayesha Mariam,Karabo Shale,Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure,Ephraim Bonah Agyekum

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031449

Abstract

Globalization as well as the ratio of ageing people in the group of 11 (G-11) countries has seen a rapid increase in recent years. Therefore, this study aims to provide effective policy recommendations for sustainable development goals 13, 8, and 7, for the G-11 countries. This work estimates the impact of natural resources and the ageing population on the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) in G-11 countries using panel data from 1990–2020. For empirical results, second-generation methods were applied. The Westerlund co-integration test that assesses co-integration confirms the firm association among the parameters, and the values of coefficient of the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach show that a 1% increase in the ageing population will lower the emissions of CO2 by 13.41% among G-11 countries. Moreover, the findings show that there exists an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) among natural resources, globalization, economic growth, ageing people, and the emission of CO2. Based on the findings, this work presents some important policy implications for achieving sustainable growth in the G-11 countries. These countries need to lower the amount of energy obtained from fossil fuels to improve air quality.

Highlights

Rapid industrialization has created hurdles on the way to achieving sustainable development
The finding from the study indicates that group of 11 (G-11) countries are spending on non-renewable resources in the energy sector but in the future, the ratio of renewable energy to the final energy output will increase which will lead to an improvement in air quality
During the last few years, the G-11 countries have made commitments to lower the concentration of CO2 emissions and to improve air quality

Summary

Introduction

Rapid industrialization has created hurdles on the way to achieving sustainable development. To accomplish the economic targets of various countries, different resources are being shared across borders. These trade activities have been possible through globalization. Globalization affects the process of production, which affects environmental quality [1,2,3,4]. Different economies are creating economic targets by enhancing cross border trade. Most countries overlooked the factors that could affect environmental quality when pursuing their economic goals [4]. The group of 11 (G-11) countries was formed on 20 September 2006, when most of the countries were in their developing stages

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Conclusion