Abstract
Many credentialing exams are administered in multiple languages with the assumption that the different language versions of the exam are equivalent. In this study, we illustrate how multidimensional scaling (MDS) and differential item functioning (DIF) procedures can be used to evaluate the equivalence of different language versions of an exam. Using data from an international credentialing program, examples of structural differences and DIF across languages are presented. Weighted MDS and the Delta-plot and standardization DIF detection methods appear to be effective for evaluating structural and item differences across language versions of an exam, even when sample sizes are modest.
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