Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant public health issue despite extensive efforts to control it. The standard treatment for TB involves the use of first-line anti-TB drugs administered at a standard dose. However, the effectiveness of this treatment can vary between individual patients, resulting in differing cure rates.
 Methodology: The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of first-line generic anti-TB medications administered at Liwa Hospital in the Al Dhafra Region. Data was collected from the electronic medical records of 140 TB patients admitted to Liwa Hospital from January to December 2022. The study included patients with positive acid-fast bacillus (AFB) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results, indicating active TB infection. Patients resistant to first-line anti-TB medications or with lung cancer were excluded. Data collected included demographic information, length of stay conversion time, hospital admission, prescribed medications, treatment duration, and treatment outcomes.
 Results: This study observed an average length of stay of 21 days for patients treated with first-line generic anti-TB medications at Liwa Hospital. Over 80% of the patients were discharged within 30 days of admission, indicating a positive response to the medications. Approximately 13% of the patients required a longer duration of treatment and were discharged between 30 and 60 days after admission. Only 5% of the patients had a prolonged stay of over 60 days, most of whom had co-morbidities or rifampicin resistance, but achieved AFB conversion within three months. The average conversion time for patients was 25 days, with over 92% achieving conversion within two months.
 Conclusion: This study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of first-line generic anti-TB medications in treating TB patients at Liwa Hospital. The majority of patients responded well to the medications, leading to discharge within 30 days.
 Keywords: Tuberculosis, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Isoniazid, First line drugs, Anti TB drugs
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