Abstract
The microbial interactions between autotrophs and heterotrophs by the exchange of microbial products in a partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) bioreactor were evaluated with both experimental and simulation analyses. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that anammox bacteria (AMX) and ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) made up 56.59% and 8.35% of total bacteria, respectively, while heterotrophs identified as Chloroflexi also constituted a large portion (32.76%) in the reactor, even without an external organic carbon supply. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed to describe the growth of heterotrophs on soluble microbial products (SMP), which were released from the metabolism of autotrophs. After model calibration and validation, the simulation results were consistent with the experimental observations of the microbial composition and the nitrogenous transformations. According to the model analysis, the bulk oxygen concentration was determined to be the dominant factor governing the reactor performance and biomass fractions in the granule. Increasing granular size could decrease heterotrophic growth, but has little effect on the effluent concentration of SMP. Results of this study could establish a better understanding of eco-physiological interactions of autotrophs and heterotrophs in PN/A process.
Highlights
In the past few years, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal via partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidization has been confirmed as an attractive option for nitrogen removal from wastewater due to a significant decrease in operating costs [1,2]
In a partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) reactor, ammonium is oxidized to nitrite by aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) consuming the dissolved oxygen (DO)
It was observed that heterotrophs such as Chloroflexi constitute a large portion in PN/A reactors, even though no organic carbon sources were involved in the influent [8]
Summary
In the past few years, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal via partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox) has been confirmed as an attractive option for nitrogen removal from wastewater due to a significant decrease in operating costs [1,2]. In a partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) reactor, ammonium is oxidized to nitrite by aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) consuming the dissolved oxygen (DO). Anammox bacteria (AMX) converts the rest of ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas and produce small amounts of nitrate [3]. Most previous fundamental studies about PN/A process have focused solely on the microbial ecology of the autotrophs including AOB, AMX and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) [4,5,6,7]. More work remains to be done to characterize the role of heterotrophs presented in the PN/A process
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