Abstract
Abstract An extended version of the isotropic one–equation model is proposed to account for the dis- tinct effects of low-Reynolds number (LRN) and wall proximity. The turbulent kinetic energy k and the dissipation rate ∈ are evaluated using the R (= k 2 /∈) transport equation together with some empirical relations. The eddy viscosity formulation maintains the positivity of normal Reynolds stresses and the Schwarz’ inequality for turbulent shear stresses. The model coef- ficients/functions preserve the anisotropic characteristics of turbulence in the sense that they are sensitized to rotational and nonequilibrium flows. The model is validated against a well- documented flow case, yielding predictions in good agreement with the direct numerical simu- lation (DNS) data. Comparisons indicate that the present model offers some improvement over the Spalart–Allmaras one–equation model.
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